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OLE AANONSON

Ole Aanonson, a resident farmer of Emmet county, has for more than a half century lived within its borders, so that its history is familiar to him from the period of its early development down to the days of modern progress. He is now engaged in farming on section 5, Jack Creek township, where he has an excellent property. He was born in Norway on the 15th of February, 1849, and is a son of Onond and Julia (Lewison) Christianson, who came to the United States in 1853. After two years spent in Dixon, Illinois, they removed to Iowa, settling first in Mitchell county, where they remained for a number of years, arriving in Emmet county in 1862. The father then homesteaded a quarter section of land in Swan Lake township but later there proved to be a flaw to his title and he received a deed for only eighty acres. He continued to reside upon that farm until his death, which occurred in 1884. His widow long survived him and passed away in 1902.

Ole Aanonson was but four years of age at the time of the arrival of his parents in the new world. His education was acquired in the common schools of Iowa and after reaching young manhood he worked with his father upon the old homestead and also as a farm hand in the neighborhood, but at length he determined to start out in the business world on his own account and he also made arrangements for having a home of his own by his marriage on the 19th of November, 1880, to Miss Sarah Peterson, also a native of Norway, whence she came to the United States in the year of their marriage. In the spring of 1880 Mr. Aanonson purchased eighty acres of his present home farm. Upon that place he has since continued and in subsequent years he has added forty acres to his original holdings, so that he now has an excellent farm of one hundred and twenty acres which in its neat and thrifty appearance indicates the continuous care and labor which he has bestowed upon it. He has most carefully, persistently and wisely tilled his fields and everything about his place indicates his careful supervision and progressive effort.

To Mr. and Mrs. Aanonson have been born nine children, seven of whom survive, as follows: Julia, the wife of A. Stueland, of Estherville, Iowa; Onon, who follows farming in Swan Lake township; Anna, who is the wife of D. W. Lucas, of Estherville, Iowa; John, an agriculturist of Swan Lake township; Helen, who gave her hand in marriage to Vern Haines, of Estherville, Iowa; Peter, who cultivates the home farm; and Halvor, an agriculturist of Swan Lake township, Emmet county.

In politics Mr. Aanonson is a republican, having supported that party since age conferred upon him the right of franchise. He has served as township trustee and for several years was a member of the school board. He belongs to the Norwegian Lutheran church and he is one of the well known and valued pioneer settlers of the county, with the history of which he is thoroughly familiar, his memory forming a connecting link between the primitive past and the progressive present.



AMUND J. AMUNDSEN

Amund J. Amundsen, one of the representative farmers of Swan Lake township, Enmiet county, was born in Norway on the 2nd of October, 1851, and is a son of John and Rachel Amundsen, both of whom were natives of Norway, where they continued to reside until 1865, when they brought their family to America and located upon a farm in Allamakee county, Iowa. Subsequently they became residents of Emmet county, the father purchasing a farm in Center township upon which he and his wife spent their remaining days. In their family were seven children, five of whom are still living.

In his native land Amund J. Amundsen attended school, being fourteen years old at the time of the emigration of the family to America in 1865. He remained under the parental roof until he had attained his majority, early acquiring a knowledge of agricultural pursuits, and during the following ten years worked as a farm hand. At the end of that time he went to North Dakota, where he served as manager of a large farm for three years. Returning to Emmet county he was then able to purchase eighty acres of land which he later sold and then bought the farm on section 29, Swan Lake township, where he now resides. Here he owns one hundred and ninety-three acres of very valuable and productive land, which he has placed under excellent cultivation and upon which he has made many improvements, including the erection of good and substantial buildings. He makes a specialty of the raising and feeding of stock and in all his undertakings has met with well deserved success.

In 1882 Mr. Amundsen married Miss Amelia Amundsen, who though of the same name was no relation. She, too, was born in Norway and has become the mother of seven children, namely: George A., now a resident of Illinois; Rubena E., the wife of Clarence Scrum; John A.; Henry B.; Oren E.; Mabel Bertena; and Aline May. Mr. and Mrs. Amundsen are members of the Lutheran church and are numbered among the leading citizens of the community in which they reside. He is a self-made man and the success which has attended his efforts is due entirely to his own industry, enterprise and good management.




CHRIS P. ANDERSEN

Chris P. Andersen, a well established dealer in hardware and farm machinery at Ringsted, is entitled to the credit which is accorded a man who has succeeded through his own unaided efforts as he has at all times been dependent solely upon his own resources. His birth occurred in Denmark, March 15, 1865, and his parents were Jens P. and Christina Sorensen, who in 1881 came with their family to the United States. After remaining for a few months in Chicago they located on section 24, Denmark township, Emmet county, the father purchasing eighty acres of land. He engaged in farming for some time, but the last years of his life were spent in the enjoyment of a well earned leisure. Both he and his wife are buried in St. Paul's cemetery.

Chris P. Andersen, who is the sixth in order of birth in a family of eight children, received the greater part of his education in the schools of Denmark, but attended the district schools of this county for two years. He worked for his father until he attained his majority and then went to Chicago and was for seventeen years in the employ of the Pullman Car Company, ten years of that time being spent as traveling inspector. Later he was for six years foreman in the car shops of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Company in Chicago, but at the end of that time returned to Emmet county and purchased two hundred acres on section 23, Denmark township, which he cultivated for two years and which he still owns. In connection with his nephew, J. P. Nelsen, he purchased the Fink Brothers hardware and farm machinery business in Ringsted and has proved very successful as a merchant. He carries a well selected and up-to-date stock and has gained an enviable reputation for fair dealing.

In 1892 Mr. Andersen was united in marriage to Miss Sophia Bonnicksen, a daughter of Knut and Petrea (Juhl) Bonnicksen, who lived for a number of years upon the farm now owned by Mr. Andersen but are now deceased and are buried in St. Paul's cemetery. To Mr. and Mrs. Andersen have been born six children, namely: Edna, the wife of Harry Fink, of Ringsted; Alma, who is teaching in Palo Alto county; Ruth, who is teaching in Denmark township; Esther, who is attending the Iowa Teachers' College at Cedar Falls; and Agnes and Irene, both in school at Ringsted.

The principles which have governed Mr. Andersen in all relations of life are found in the teachings of the Danish Lutheran church and he is an active member of St. Paul's congregation. He votes for the best man, irrespective of party affiliations, and takes a commendable interest in all things pertaining to the welfare of the community, especially to the advancement of the public schools, and was for some time school director in Ringsted. The unqualified respect in which he is held by his fellow citizens is proof of his genuine worth.



Lars P. Andersen
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LARS P. ANDERSEN

Lars P. Andersen makes his home on his farm on section 3, Center township, but is practically living a retired life, leaving to others the more arduous work of the fields. In the course of an active and well spent career he has accumulated a substantial fortune and his record should serve to inspire and encourage others, showing what can be accomplished through persistent and honorable effort. The many sterling traits of character which he has displayed have won for him high regard. He was born in Denmark, February 17, 1849, and is a son of Andrew and Henrietta Andersen, who were also natives of the same country. The father reached the advanced age of one hundred and four years and nine months ere death called him and his wife has also passed away. In their family were eleven children.

Lars P. Andersen, who is the only one now living, was reared and educated in Denmark and came to the United States in 1867, being at that time a youth of eighteen years. He made his way at once to Iowa, settling in Black Hawk county, where he was employed as a common laborer for some time, but laudable ambition prompted him to save his earnings and at length his industry and economy brought him sufficient capital to enable him to purchase a farm. In 1891 he invested in land in Emmet county and in 1893 he took up his abode upon his place on section 3, Center township, where he has three hundred and seventy acres of fine land, which he has bi'ought to a high state of cultivation. His fields are well tilled and annually produce good crops of corn, wheat and other cereals. To the farm he has also added many substantial improvements in the way of good buildings, having a pleasant home and large barns and sheds, which furnish ample shelter for grain and stock. In a word he has made good use of his time and opportunities and his labors have been rewarded by a very substantial competence.

In 1871 Mr. Andersen was united in marriage to Miss Anna Elizabeth Petersen, a native of Denmark and a daughter of Peter C. and Elsie Y. Nielsen. They came to America in 1868 and established their home in Butler county, Iowa, where the father carried on farming until his death, after which the mother became a resident of Kansas, where her last days were spent. Their family numbered five children, four of whom are yet living. By her marriage Mrs. Andersen has become the mother of ten children: Henrietta, now the wife of Nels Ling; Andrew, living in North Dakota; Anna, who is teaching school; Nels C, whose home is in Ransom county, North Dakota; Jens, also residing in that state; William D., of Emmet county, Iowa; Carrie, the wife of WilliamRathman; Thorwald, who is upon the home farm; Emma E., now attending high school; and one deceased.

Mr. Andersen has always given his political allegiance to the democratic party since becoming a naturalized American citizen. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran church and they enjoy the esteem of all with whom they have come in contact. At the time of their marriage their financial resources were quite limited but they worked together, utilizing every possible effort to advance their fortunes, and today they are the possessors of a very substantial and gratifying competence. Moreover, no one can grudge them their success, so honorably has it been won and so worthily used.




Soren Anderson Home and Family
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SOREN ANDERSEN

Soren Andersen, who passed away on the 19th of April, 1913, was one of the leading farmers of Denmark township, Emmet county, where he had made his home since 1889. His early life was spent on the other side of the Atlantic, for he was born in Denmark, April 2, 1851, and was a son of Andrew Sorensen, a small farmer in that country. In the family were seven children. The parents never came to the United States, but continued to reside in Denmark until called to their final rest.

In his native land Soren Andersen pursued his education in the district schools near his boyhood home and later devoted a year and a half to military training. As an occupation he followed farming in the employ of others until his emigration to America in 1886. For two years he was a resident of Cerro Gordo county, Iowa, and in 1889 came to Emmet county, being engaged in farming on rented land in Denmark township for six years. At the end of that time he purchased the southeast quarter of section 20 in the same township and continued its operation up to the time of his death. His remains were interred in St. John's cemetery.

In 1894 Mr. Andersen was united in marriage to Miss Maren Oxholm, who was born in Schlcswig, Germany, June 2, 1865, and of that province her parents, Hans and Anna Marie Oxholm, were lifelong residents. When she was nineteen years of age she came to the new world with her brother Carl, who is now a resident of Tyler, Minnesota. Four years later she returned to Denmark and when she again came to the United States she was accompanied by her other brother, Steffen. who is now a banker at Tyler, Minnesota. At the time of her marriage Mrs. Andersen was living in Ringsted, Iowa, with a friend, Mrs. Andrew Larson, with whom she had spent a few months. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Andersen are Anna, Hans, Emma and Alma, who are at home with their inother and assist in the operation of the farm.

The place is in a high state of cultivation and the fields yield bounteous harvests for the labor bestowed upon them. Mr. Andersen was an enterprising and progressive farmer and the success that he achieved was due entirely to his own well directed efforts. He was a democrat in politics and acceptably served as township road supervisor for one year.



A. J. ANDERSON

A. J. Anderson, actively and successfully engaged in agricultural pursuits in High Lake township, Emmet county, his home being on section 14, has resided within the borders of this county for forty-six years or since 1871, at which time he arrived here with his parents when a lad of ten summers. He was bom in Norway, March 16, 1861, a son of Ole and Haldir (Paulson) Anderson, who were also natives of the same country. They continued in the land of the midnight sun until 1871, when they bade adieu to friends and native country and sailed with their family to America. Making their way into the interior of the country, they settled upon a farm in Emmet county, Iowa, where the father built a log cabin which they occupied for a number of years. It was in this county that the mother passed away, but the father is still living and has long been one of the honored and respected agriculturists of this section of the state.

A. J. Anderson was reared in the usual manner of farm boys, dividing his time between the work of the fields and the acquirement of a public school education. He remained at home up to the time of his marriage, which occurred in 1888, Miss Julia Paulson becoming his wife. She was born in Wisconsin, a daughter of Paul and Kari (Ellingson) Paulson, who were natives of Norway but came to America in the latter '50s and in 1864 removed to Emmet county, Iowa, taking up their abode upon a farm which continued to be their home throughout their remaining days. They had a family of eight children, of whom three are now living. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson became the parents of four children, but Ada J., the eldest, and Hilma Odella, the youngest, are the only ones now living. They lost two daughters. Hazel O. and Petra C.

Following their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Anderson took up their abode upon the farm which is now their home, at first renting the property but later purchasing it. The place comprises one hundred and ninety-six acres on section 14, High Lake township, and constitutes today one of the best improved farms of the locality, equipped with every modern convenience and accessory found upon a model farm of the twentieth century. His attention is devoted to the cultivation of those cereals best adapted to soil and climate and also to stock raising, and his labors are attended with a gratifying measure of success.

Mr. Anderson gives his political allegiance to the republican party but has never sought nor desired office. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran church and their well-spent lives have gained for them the warm and enduring regard of many friends. Mr. Anderson is a thoroughly reliable and progressive business man, and his well-directed efforts as an agriculturist have brought him substantial success.



Albert Anderson, M.D.
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ALBERT ANDERSON, M.D.

The consensus of public opinion places Dr. Albert Anderson in the from rank among the ablest and most distinguished representatives of the profession in northwestern Iowa. Indeed his ability makes him the peer of the ablest physicians and surgeons of the state. He was born in Linn county, Iowa, near Cedar Rapids, December 5, 1861. His great-great-grandfather, John Anderson, emigrated from the north of Ireland and settled in the wilds of western Pennsylvania before the Revolutionary war. The great-grandfather and the grandfather of Dr. Anderson were both born in that state. The wife of the latter was a native of Maryland but of English descent and the maternal grandparents of Dr. Anderson were both natives of Virginia and were of Scotch-Irish lineage. His father, Thomas H. Anderson, who was born in Ohio, became a resident of Iowa in 1854 and in 1860 he wedded Mary E. Blair, who was also a native of the Buckeye state but came to Iowa in 1848 and is now living with a daughter in Oklahoma. At the time of the Civil war Thomas H. Anderson responded to the country's call for troops, enlisting in the Union army in 1862. He remained on active duty until January, 1865, when he died in the service.

Dr. Anderson acquired a common school education, supplemented by two years' study in a private school, after which he began preparation for the practice of medicine and surgery as a student in the medical department of the State University of Iowa, from which he was graduated on the 12th of March, 1890, the degree of M.D. being then conferred upon him. In the meantime he had taken up the profession of teaching and had won a teacher's first class certificate. Since completing his course in the State University he has taken post-graduate work, completing his studies in the Post-Graduate Medical School of Chicago in May, 1896. His preparation for a professional career followed two years of teaching in the country schools and four years of service as telegraph operator and railroad agent. Laudable ambition, however, prompted him to enter a larger field of labor and after winning his professional degree he at once entered upon the active practice of medicine. His advancement since that date has been continuous and his practice has been of constantly growing extent and importance. From 1896 until 1912 he owned an interest in one of the leading drug stores of the city and in 1896 he was appointed division surgeon of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern Railway and in 1902 local surgeon for the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway. He has since occupied the latter position. In 1900 he built aprivate hospital, which he conducted for nine years. His practice is now largely limited to surgery and to consultation and his increasing powers have gained him distinction along professional lines. He has been a close and discriminating student of everything bearing upon the science of medicine and surgery and he keeps abreast with the latest researches and discoveries. He is now chief surgeon for the Anderson Hospital at Estherville and is chief medical examiner for twenty-five old line life insurance companies and medical examiner for the Dakota division of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway.

On the 30th of May, 1883, in Palo, Iowa, Dr. Anderson was married to Miss Effie A. Conley, a daughter of J. W. Conley, who was a prominent farmer of Linn county, Iowa, emigrating westward from New York. He married Marietta J. Hutchins, a native of the Empire state, and their daughter Effie was born in Linn county, Iowa. Dr. and Mrs. Anderson are the parents of a son, Lloyd L., who married Mary Ferguson, of Spirit Lake, Iowa, and they have a daughter. Alberta F. Dr. and Mrs. Anderson attend the Presbyterian church and he holds membership with the Masons, belonging to lodge, chapter and commandery. He is also connected with the Knights of Pythias, the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Modern Woodmen of America, the Woodmen of the World and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. In politics he is a republican and was formerly chairman of the county central committee, taking an active and helpful part in promoting party success. For three years he was a member of the board of education and served as its president. For four years he has
served as a member of the city council and for thirteen years he has been commissioner of insanity in Emmet County. He belongs to the Sioux Valley Medical Association, the Iowa State Medical Association, the American Medical Association, the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway Surgeons' Association and the American Association of Railway Surgeons.


ALNA V. ANDERSON

Among the enterprising business men of Dolliver who are contributing to the commercial expansion of the place is Alna V. Anderson, the proprietor of a general store. He was born in Hancock county, Iowa, on the 28th of October, 1886, of the marriage of Andrew and Inger Anderson, who are natives of Sweden but who have lived in America since childhood. For many years the father engaged in farming in Hancock county but they are now living at Armstrong, Iowa. All of their three children survive.

Alna V. Anderson was reared under the parental roof and received his education in the country schools of Emmet county and in the high school at Armstrong, from which he was graduated. In 1914 he went into business for himself, establishing a general store at Dolliver, which he has since conducted with gratifying success. He gives a great deal of thought to the selection of his stock, keeping in mind the particular requirements of his customers, and is up-to-date in his methods of displaying and selling his goods. He has gained an enviable reputation for square dealing and his patronage has shown a steady increase.

In January, 1914, Mr. Anderson was married to Miss Estella Baker and they have a son, Paul. The republican party has a staunch adherent in Mr. Anderson and both he and his wife are Methodists in religious affiliation. Fraternally he is connected with the Masonic blue lodge and with the Royal Arch chapter and in his daily life seeks to practice the teachings of the craft.



Andrew Anderson
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ANDREW ANDERSON

For more than fifteen years Andrew Anderson has been a resident of Emmet county, where he has a large and well developed farm property, regarded as one of the finest farms of his section of the state. In March, 1917, however, he retired to Estherville, there to spend his remaining days in the enjoyment of a rest which he has truly earned and richly deserves. He was born in Norway, March 24, 1855, a son of Andrew Osmundson and Helga Peterson. They were the parents of a family of eleven children, five sons and six daughters, of whom five now lie buried in Norway, while six are yet living, four sisters of the family having come to the United States.

At the usual age Andrew Anderson became a pupil in the common schools of Norway, which he attended until he reached the age of fifteen. He worked for his father on the farm until 1870. Bidding adieu to friends and native land, he sailed for the new world and crossed the continent to Grundy county. Illinois, where he was employed at farm labor for three years. In 1873 he was joined by his parents in Grundy county and they lived with Mr. Anderson, who in that year purchased a farm. He prospered as time passed and ultimately became the owner of two excellent farms in that locality. In 1899 the parents removed to Hamilton county, Iowa, to live with their daughter, Anna, the wife of Thomas Thompson, and there both the father and mother passed away. It was in 1901 that Mr. Anderson severed his connection with Illinois and came to Iowa, establishing his home in Emmet county, where he purchased the northwest quarter of section 10 and the northwest quarter of the southwest quarter of the same section. He is now the owner of two hundred and forty acres of rich and productive land, constituting one of the finest farms of the county. His place has been well tiled, affording excellent draining and thus greatly enhancing the productiveness of his fields. His farm is also well stocked with cattle and hogs and his live stock interests constitute an important source of revenue to him. He uses the latest improved machinery to facilitate the work of the fields and annually gathers good harvests, which are the reward of well directed effort and ability. However his farm does not constitute the sole evidence of his life of well directed thrift and industry, for other substantial business interests profit by his cooperation and financial support, as he is now a stockholder in the Farmers Savings Bank, the creamery and the Farmers Elevator at Wallingford.

In 1874 Mr. Anderson was united in marriage to Miss Christina Iverson, a daughter of Iver Longland, of Grundy county, Illinois. They became the parents of eight children: Andrew N., now living in Winnebago county, Minnesota, Ed, a resident of Joliet, Illinois; Henry, whose home is in Jack Creek township; Olin, living in the same township; Julius, who is located in Twelve Mile Lake township; Bert, of Jack Creek township; Martha, the wife of Andrew Thompson, of Jack Creek township; and Anna, the wife of Henry Sievol, of Radcliffe, Iowa. The wife and mother of these children passed away in Grundy county, Illinois, and was laid to rest in a cemetery at Saratoga, that state. For his second wife Mr. Anderson chose Josephine Bravik Johnson, of La Salle county, Illinois, and they had a daughter, Clara, who passed away at the age of seventeen and was buried in Saratoga, Illinois, by the side of her mother. In 1897 Mr. Anderson was again married, at which time Johanna Jurgenson, a native of Norway, became his wife. There are three sons and a daughter of this marriage: George, now living in Estherville; and Alfred, Joseph, and Myrtle, all at home.

Mr. Anderson has always been desirous that his children should have good educational opportunities and for ten years he acceptably served as school director in High Lake township. His political endorsement is given to the republican party and his religious faith is that of the Norwegian Lutheran church. His life has indeed been an active and useful one and he is numbered among those who have aided largely in winning for Iowa its well earned reputation of being one of the foremost agricultural states of the Union.


ANDREW L. ANDERSON

Andrew L. Anderson, editor of the Ringsted Dispatch and postmaster of Ringsted, was born in Denmark on the 3d of January, 1882, his parents being Chris and Christina (Thompson) Anderson, also natives of Denmark. In 1884 the family came to America and settled at Jewell, Hamilton county, Iowa, where the father found work at his trade of shoemaking, which occupation he still follows. Since 1896, however, he has also been in the employ of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Company. He has now reached the age of sixty years and his wife is also living.

Andrew L. Anderson was only two years of age when he accompanied his parents on their emigration to America and he is indebted to the public schools of Jewell, Iowa, for the educational advantages he enjoyed during his boyhood and youth. He was graduated from the high school at that place in 1898 and then entered the office of the Record, where he learned the printer's trade, remaining there for three years. The following four years were spent in Webster City, where he worked on all the papers published there, and he has also been in the employ of various other newspapers throughout the state. He spent three years in Des Moines in job offices and at tlie end of that time returned to Jewell, where he was employed as foreman of the Record for five years. In December, 1912, Mr. Anderson purchased the Ringsted Dispatch at Ringsted, Emmet county, and has since conducted that paper with growing success, making it a bright, newsy sheet with a good advertising patronage. Ho does general job work and has built up a large calendar business, in the interest of which he goes upon the road. Since March, 1915, he has also served as postmaster of Ringsted.

On the 27th of September, 1906, Mr. Anderson was united in marriage to Miss Annetta Rierson, and they have one child, Ralph Wilbur, born June 1, 1911. Mr. Anderson is a member of the Danish Brotherhood of Ringsted and is a staunch supporter of the democratic party. In re!igious faith he is a Lutheran. He is a public-spirited and enterprising citizen, taking a commendable interest in public affairs, and both personally and through his paper supports all worthy projects calculated to benefit the community in which he lives.



BERT B. ANDERSON

A prominent figure in connection with the grain trade in this section of Iowa is Bert B. Anderson, of Estherville, who owns a number of elevators along the line of the Rock Island Railroad. He possesses marked business enterprise and determination and carries forward to successful completion whatever he undertakes, allowing no obstacle to bar his path if it can be overcome by persistent, earnest eff'ort.

Mr. Anderson is a native of the state of New York. He was born October 2, 1859, of the marriage of George A. and Nancy Anderson, who were also natives of the Empire state and who in 1873 removed with their family to Winneshiek county, Iowa, where they took up their abode upon a farm. In 1877 they became residents of Lyon county, Iowa, where the father and mother spent their remaining days. They had a family of five children, all of whom are yet living.

Bert B. Anderson was a youth of fourteen at the time the family came to this state. He acquired a public school education in New York and in Iowa and through the period of his minority aided more and more largely in the work of the home farm as his age and strength increased. After attaining his majority he purchased land in Lyon county and resided thereon for five years, at the end of which time he sold that property and turned to commercial pursuits, engaging in the hardware, implement and grain business in connection with G. M. Anderson at Inwood, Iowa. He was located there for many years, but at length removed to Minneapolis, where he became a stockholder in the Skewis Moen Grain Company. He was traveling auditor for the company for four years and at the end of that time the company dissolved. In 1905 Mr. Anderson came to Estherville and here began dealing in grain and coal. He has since acquired elevators at various points along the Rock Island Railroad and is doing an extensive business as a grain merchant. He thoroughly understands the trade and his enterprise and progressiveness are bringing to him substantial returns.

In 1885 Mr. Anderson was united in marriage to Miss Lydia J. Harrington, of Farmington, Illinois, by whom he has two  children, George H. and C. Morton, both at home.

In his political views Mr. Anderson is a republican, but has never been an aspirant for office. Fraternally he is connected with the Masons and the Odd Fellows at Estherville, with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and the United Commercial Travelers. He is also a member of the Commercial Club and both he and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian church. Their lives are actuated by high and honorable principles and they are now numbered among Estherville's most valued and respected citizens, having here a circle of friends almost coextensive with the circle of their acquaintance.




CARL ANDERSON

Carl Anderson, of Emmet township, Emmet county, who has won gratifying success in his chosen occupation of farming and stock raising, was born in Sweden, Februaiy 10, 1858. His parents, Andrew and Anna (Anderson) Anderson, were also natives of that country and lived there during their entire lives. Four of their nine children still survive.

Carl Anderson remained in Sweden until his early manhood and is indebted for his education to the schools of that country. It was in 1881 that he crossed the Atlantic to the United States and for five years thereafter he rented land in Emmet county, Iowa, at the end of which time his financial circumstances permitted him to buy eighty acres of land, to which a few years later he added a similar tract by purchase. His holdings now comprise three hundred and eighty-five acres, all on section 25, Emmet township, and the value of his farm has been much increased by the excellent improvements thereon. The buildings are substantial and modern in design and there is also a fine grove which he planted himself. He makes a specialty of raising Duroc-Jersey hogs, finding it more profitable to feed his grain than to sell it.

In 1881 Mr. Anderson was married to Miss Anna Johnson, who was born in Sweden and is a daughter of John and Mary (Larson) Johnson, who lived and died in that country. Six children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Anderson, namely: Augustine; Mary C, the wife of Henry Hoganson; Johanna, the wife of George Bartleman, now residing in Minnesota; Gust, at home; Nora, the wife of Ralph Smith, and Nettie, deceased.

Mr. Anderson is a staunch adherent of the republican party and the interest which he takes in matters pertaining to the general welfare is indicated by the fact that he has served as a member of the school board. Both he and his wife hold membership in the Lutheran church and its work receives their hearty support. The prosperity which is now his should be doubly a source of gratification to him as it is the direct result of his own hard work and habits of thrift.




CHRISTOPHER ANDERSON

Actively identified with the farming interests of High Lake township is Christopher Anderson, now the owner of eighty acres on section 24, constituting one of the valuable and well-improved farm properties of the district. He was born in Green county, Wisconsin, November 20, 1851, a son of Andrew and Ingeborg Anderson, who were natives of Norway. Coming to America in 1848, they established their home in Wisconsin, where the father carried on general farming until 1865. That year witnessed his arrival in Emmet county, Iowa, which was at that time a pioneer district in which the work of improvement and development seemed scarcely begun. Much of the land was still in possession of the government and he homesteaded the northeast quarter of section 24. Upon that tract not a furrow had been turned nor an improvement made. He built a log cabin with a sod roof and in true pioneer style began life in his primitive western home, but his labors soon wrought a marked transformation in the appearance of his place and success attended his efforts. To him and his wife were born eight children, four of whom are yet living.

Through the period of his boyhood and youth Christopher Anderson aided in the development of the home farm, continuing thereon until he attained his majority, at which time he bought eighty acres, constituting the west half of the old homestead. He has since given his attention to its further development and improvement and he annually gathers good harvests as the result of his practical methods in operating his land.

Mr. Anderson was married in 1874 to Miss Andria Johnson, a daughter of Lars and Martha Johnson, who were natives of Norway. They afterward became farming people of Wisconsin, in which state they took up their abode in 1844, and subsequently they removed to Emmet county, where they spent their remaining days. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson have a daughter, Mabel, now the wife of Herbert Bryan, who is the owner of a farm of eighty acres on section 13, High Lake township, and they have become the parents of three children, Ralph A., Ardythe L. and Wayne H.

Mr. and Mrs. Anderson are members of the Norwegian Lutheran church. He votes with the republican party but has never been an office seeker, preferring to give his undivided attention to his business affairs, which are wisely and carefully directed, so that he is acknowledged to be one of the enterprising farmers of his district.



O. O. ANDERSON

Wallingford's business interests find a substantial and prominent representative in O. O. Anderson, the cashier of the Farmers' Savings Bank, of which he was one of the organizers. He is a representative of that substantial class of citizens that Norway has furnished to Iowa. He was born in the land of the midnight sun July 30, 1868, and is a son of Ole and Haldis (Paulson) Anderson, who were also natives of that country. Coming to America, they reached Emmet county, Iowa, in July, 1871, and took up their abode upon a farm within its borders. The father at once concentrated his energies upon the task of developing and improving his fields and he is still a respected resident of Emmet county but in 1910 was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who passed away on the 7th of August of that year. In their family were five children, all of whom are yet living.

O. O. Anderson was less than three years of age when brought by his parents to the United States, so that practically his entire life has been passed in Emmet county. The common school system afforded him his educational privileges and when he had mastered the branches of learning taught in the district schools he went to Red Wing, Minnesota, where he continued his studies for three years. Later he pursued a commercial course in Decorah, Iowa, following which he returned to his father's farm and was his active assistant in the management and development of the property for eight years. He then became one of the organizers of the Farmers Savings Bank at Wallingford and accepted the position of cashier, in which capacity he has since continued. This bank is capitalized for fifteen thousand dollars and has a surplus of fifteen thousand dollars. It has always had a prosperous existence and its business relations have been constantly broadened. In addition to his banking interests he owns a fine residence in Wallingford.

In his political views Mr. Anderson is a stalwart republican. He has never been an office seeker although interested in the success of his party and at all times keeping well informed on the questions and issues of the day. For sixteen years he served as school treasurer. He is a member of the Lutheran church and his life is guided by its teachings, his upright, honorable career causing his fellow townsmen to speak of him always in terms of high regard.



PETER S. ANDERSON

Peter S. Anderson, who is engaged in general farming on section 15, Twelve Mile Lake township, is one of Norway's contributions to the citizenship of Emmet county. He was born in the land of the midnight sun January 9, 1864, a son of Ole and Haldis Anderson, the former a carpenter by trade. Leaving their native country, they came to America in 1871 and established their home in Emmet county, where the father secured a homestead claim in High Lake township. For almost two decades he engaged in farming upon that place, remaining there until 1890, when he retired to Wallingford to enjoy a rest which he had richly earned and justly merits. In the family were five children.

Peter S. Anderson was a little lad of but seven years when the family came across the Atlantic to the United States and upon the home farm he was reared, with the usual experiences of the farm-bred boy who divides his time between the work of the fields and the acquirement of a district school education. He continued to work for his father until 1890 and when his father removed to Wallingford, Peter S. Anderson purchased a farm comprising the northeast quarter of section 15, Twelve Mile Lake township. He now gives his entire attention to the further development and improvement of this property and has brought his fields to a high state of cultivation, so that he annually gathers good harvests.

Mr. Anderson was united in marriage to Miss Christie Herum, a daughter of Peter and Bertha (Talle) Herum, of High Lake township. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson have a family of six children: Hilda, who is teaching in the schools of Wallingford; Chester, at home; Alvin, who is attending Jewell Lutheran College at Jewell, Iowa; Harold, a high school pupil in Estherville; and Pearl and Theodore, who are attending the district schools.

The parents are members of the Norwegian Lutheran church and Mr. Anderson gives his political support to the Republican party, of which he has been a stalwart advocate since age conferred upon him the right of franchise. He represents one of the old-time families of the county, having for forty-six years resided within its borders, so that his memory forms a connecting link between the primitive past and the progressive present. He was acquainted with pioneer conditions here and he has lived to witness a remarkable change as the labors of man have claimed the region for the purposes of civilization, converting the once wild prairie into rich and productive farms, dotted here and there with thriving towns and villages. The spirit of enterprise has ever been a strong force here and Mr. Anderson has displayed that same spirit in the conduct of his private business affairs. He has served as school treasurer for the past eight years, has also been township trustee and is a director of the Farmers' Bank of Wallingford.



LAURITZ P. BAAGO

Lauritz P. Baago, a well known and successful farmer of Denmark township, has never had occasion to regret his decision to emigrate to America for he has found here the opportunities which he sought and through their utilization has won prosperity. He was born in Schleswig, now a part of Germany but then belonging to Denmark, on the 23d of April, 1861, and is a son of Cresten and Anna Christina Lauritzen, who passed their entire lives in their native country. The father was by profession a school teacher.

Lauritz P. Baago, who is one of a family of five children, received his education under the instruction of his father, and, following his confirmation went to work as a farm hand. He was so employed until he was twenty-three years old, when he came to the United States. After spending four years in New York state in the employ of various farmers he removed to Emmet county, Iowa, and bought eighty acres of land in Armstrong township. He devoted thirteen years to the operation of that place and then sold it and bought a farm in Jackson county, Minnesota, which he operated until 1912, when he returned to Emmet county and bought the north half of the northeast quarter of section 23, Denmark township, where he has since made his home. The land is in a high state of cultivation, the buildings are substantial and of practical design and his work is kept well in hand. He raises both grain and stock as he finds such a course more profitable than specializing in either.

In 1893 Mr. Baago was married to Miss Marie Christianson, whose father died in Norway. Subsequently the mother came to the United States and is now living with her son Erland, a resident of Graettinger, Iowa. Mrs. Baago passed away in 1895 and is buried in St. Paul's cemetery. She left one son, Hans. For his second wife Mr. Baago chose Miss Helga Vik, a daughter of Sjur and Jurga Vik, natives of Norway, whence they emigrated to the United States many years ago. The mother is deceased and is buried in Jackson county, Minnesota, while the father makes his home with Mr. Baago. Mrs. Baago died in 1906 and is buried in Jackson county, Minnesota. She was the mother of four children, Anna, Marie, Christina and John.

Mr. Baago is a republican in his political affiliation but has never held office. He has, however, served as school director. His religious faith is indicated by his membership in St. John's Danish Lutheran church and the teachings of that denomination have been the guiding principle of his life. He has succeeded solely through his own eff'orts and is accorded the honor due a self-made man.




SAMUEL M. BAKER

Samuel M. Baker, a farmer of Emmet township, Emmet county, owning two hundred and forty-five acres of improved land on section 21 and 22, was born in Morgan county, Indiana, November 24, 1863, a son of J. C. and Sarah J. (Denney) Baker, who were also natives of that state, where the mother is still living, the father having passed away in 1915. In their family were eight children, six of whom yet survive.

Samuel M. Baker was reared and educated in the Hoosier state and afterward removed to Champaign county, Illinois, where he cultivated a rented farm until 1910. In that year he arrived in Emmet county, Iowa, and purchased the farm upon which he now resides on sections 21 and 22, Emmet township, comprising two hundred and forty-five acres of rich and productive land which he has brought under a high state of cultivation. The place is well improved with modern farm buildings and equipment and his labors are bringing to him a substantial measure of success. He raises stock in addition to the cultivation of the fields and that branch of his business adds materially to his income.

In 1888 Mr. Baker was united in marriage to Miss Mary V. Roberts, a native of Illinois and a daughter of Thomas and Jennie (Norton) Roberts, the former now deceased, while the latter is still living. Mr. and Mrs. Baker have become the parents of eight children: Alice, who died in infancy; Samuel Clinton, twenty-six years old; Wylie and Angelina, both deceased; Rosco Cameron and Allen, twins, the former of whom is living and is seventeen years old while the latter died in infancy; Robert Maurice, who is eleven years of age; and John Calvin, six years old.

Fraternally Mr. Baker is connected with the Odd Fellows and with the Modern Woodmen of America. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and while he keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day he has never been an office seeker. He has always preferred to concentrate his thought, purpose, effort and attention upon his business affairs and is today one of the prominent farmers of Emmet county - a self-made man, whose diligence has been the basis of his growing success.



GEORGE H. BERGESON

George H. Bergeson resides in Center township, Emmet county, where he owns a quarter section of land, and he also holds title to one hundred and sixty acres in Armstrong Grove township. Although he is now in very comfortable circumstances he began his independent career without capital and without the aid of influential friends. He was born in La Salle county, Illinois, March 13, 1870, a son of Berger and Ellen Bergeson, natives of Norway. It was in 1856 that they came to America and located in Illinois, where the father became a landowner. Both passed away in that state. To them were born twelve children, of whom four are deceased.

George H. Bergeson is indebted to the common schools of La Salle county, Illinois, for his education and through assisting his father with the operation of the homestead gained valuable training in agriculural work. When twenty-two years of age he left home and rented a farm in Hamilton county, Iowa, belonging to his father. Eight years later he went to Norman county, Minnesota, and for three years operated land there which he owned. He then came to Emmet county, Iowa, and after renting land for six years purchased his present home farm, comprising one hundred and sixty acres on section 1, Center township. He has put in many rods of tiling, thus supplementing the natural drainage of the farm, and has also erected fine buildings, making his place one of the model farms of the locality. He prospered financially and at length purchased one hundred
and sixty acres on section 1, Armstrong Grove township, which is also well improved, and he gives his personal attention to the operation of both places. His life exemplifies the value of persistency and industry, for although he has been dependent solely upon his own resources since starting out in life as a young man, he is now one of the substantial farmers of his township.

Mr. Bergeson was married on the 12th of February, 1894, to Miss Hannah Williams, a native of Hamilton county, Iowa, and a daughter of Elling and Torber Williams, natives of Norway, who emigrated with their family to this country many years ago. The father is deceased but the mother is still living. Twelve children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Bergeson, Bert E., Harvey G., Mabel, Laura E., Roy E., Archie O., Amanda, Mildred I., Lester K., Theodore W., Georgia Henrietta and one who died in infancy.

Mr. Bergeson, who is a stalwart republican, takes an active interest in political affairs and is now serving as township trustee. Both he and his wife are communicants of the Lutheran church and its teachings constitute the principles which have governed their lives. Both are highly respected and their personal friends are many.



JACOB K. BERVEN

Prosperity has crowned the efforts of Jacob K. Berven in the operation of his home farm on section 36, Swan Lake township, to which he has given the name of the Instenes Farm for his father's old farm in Norway. He is a native of that country, born July 7, 1866, and is a son of Knute and Christi (Jacobson) Berven, who never left the land of the midnight sun. Both have passed away but with one exception all their nine children survive them.

In the schools of Norway Jacob K. Berven obtained a good practical education and early became familiar with farm work in all its phases. Believing he would find better opportunities for advancement in the new world he came to America in 1883 and first located in Lee county, Illinois, where he worked as a farm hand for ten years. At the end of that period he went to Montana, where he spent thirteen years engaged in railroading and ranching. Since then he has made his home in Emmet county, Iowa, having purchased a farm on section 36, Swan Lake township. He has made many useful and valuable improvements upon the place, erecting good and substantial buildings and placing the land under excellent cultivation.

Mr. Berven was married in 1889 to Miss Bell Knutson, and to them were born seven chilren, namely: Kearney, George C., Clarence, Edmund W., Jacob A., Elmer L. and Emma C. The wife and mother died in Montana, June 10, 1903, and Mr. Berven was again married in 1906, his second union being with Miss Marie Peterson, a native of Denmark, by whom he has three children: Evelyn, Martin L. and Oscar J.

Mr. and Mrs. Berven are faithful members of the Lutheran church, and he is also identified with the Modern Woodmen of America and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, having filled all of the chairs in the local lodge of the latter organization. The republican party finds in him a staunch supporter of its principles and he served as assessor of Swan Lake township for one term. He is now a school director, having been a member of the school board for the past ten years, and he always gives his support to any enterprise calculated to promote the moral, educational or material welfare of the community in which he lives.



OLE K. BERVEN

Ole K. Berven, one of the well-to-do farmers of Emmet county, residing on section 35, Swan Lake township, was born on the 4th of June, 1861, in Norway, of which country his parents, Knute and Christina (Jacobson) Berven were lifelong residents. They are now deceased and one of their nine children has also passed away. In his native land Ole K. Berven grew to manhood, his education being acquired in the local schools. It was in 1882 that he came to America and located in Lee county, Illinois, where he worked as a farm hand for some time. In 1884 he came to Iowa, but after spending two years in Hamilton county removed to North Dakota, where the following ten years were passed. At the end of that time he came to Emmet county, Iowa, and purchased his present farm of one hundred and sixty acres on section 35, Swan Lake township. He is an energetic and progressive farmer and has made excellent improvements upon his place so that it now ranks among the best farms in the locality.

Mr. Berven was married in 1896 to Miss Julia L. Warberg, also a native of Norway, and they have become the parents of eleven children, namely: George; Anna, the wife of Luther J. Risk; Lewis; Knute; Emma; Antone and Oscar, both deceased; Antone, the second of that name; Joseph; Alma; and Theodore. The family attend the Lutheran church of which Mr. and Mrs. Berven are members, and he is now serving as one of its trustees. He is also filling the office of trustee of his township and has served as school director. In politics he is an ardent republican. He is one of the self-made men of his community, as on coming to this country he was empty handed and all that he now possesses has been acquired through his own industry, good management and economy. He is one of the representative farmers of his township and is a man highly respected and esteemed by all who know him.




Lumon L. Bixby
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LUMON L. BIXBY

Lumon L. Bixby, deceased, was for many years a resident of Emmet county, where for a time he was engaged in general agricultural pursuits and then turned his attention to commercial interests. He was always thoroughly reliable and his upright life, characterized by honorable principles, won for him the confidence and high regard of those who knew him. He was born in Vermont, April 5, 1839, a son of William and Patience (Nye) Bixby, who were also natives of the Green Mountain state, in which they spent their entire lives. They had a family of thirteen children, of whom but two are now living.

Lumon L. Bixby spent the days of his boyhood and youth in Vermont and more than forty years ago came to Iowa, settling on a farm in Emmet county, after which he devoted his time and attention to the cultivation and development of the fields for a number of years. Later he took up his abode in Estherville, where he established a harness store and later he conducted a meat market. He was a thrifty, energetic and active business man who contributed much to the material development of the city in which he made his home. He was thoroughly reliable in his undertakings and his well-directed energy brought to him a substantial measure of success.

Mr. Bixby was a Civil war veteran, for following the outbreak of hostilities between the north and south he joined Company D of the Tenth Vermont Volunteer Infantry, with which he served for one year, when he was honorably discharged because of illness. He then returned to his home and family in Vermont, for he had previously married. It was in 1860 that he wedded Miss Ellen M. Wells, who was born in the Green Mountain state in 1842, a daughter of Nathaniel and Lovey (Carr) Wells, who spent their entire lives in that state. Mrs. Bixby was theyoungest in a family of five children, four of whom have passed away, and by her marriage she became the mother of thirteen children: Amanda Jeannette, the wife of Orville Manning, a resident of Waterloo, Iowa; Lumon J., now living in Minneapolis, Minnesota; Arby Anson; Clarence M.; Roswell W., living in Waverly, Iowa; Burt G., Cora B., Cora E. and Daisy M., all now deceased; Charles D.; Adelbert R., who is living in South Dakota; Archie, of Estherville; and Migie, who has also departed
this life.

The death of the husband and father occurred December 2, 1905, and he was laid to rest in the East Side cemetery, leaving a widow and seven children to mourn his loss. He held membership in the Grand Army post at Estherville and his demise was greatly deplored by his old army comrades as well as by many other friends who had learned to know and highly respect him through the long years of his residence in Estherville. He lived a quiet and unostentatious life but he possessed many sterling traits of character that endeared him to those with whom he came in contact.



Ole Anderson Bjorkjonli
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OLE ANDERSON BJORKJONLI

Ole Anderson Bjorkjonli, a retired farmer living in Estherville, has been a resident of Emmet county for thirty-four years and a life of well directed energy and thrift has brought him to a place where he is now in possession of a comfortable competence that enables him to rest from further labors. He was born in Norway on the 14th of May, 1842, and is a son of Andrew and Mary (Olson) Jorgenson, who came to the United States in 1868, a year after the arrival of their son, Ole Anderson Bjorkjonli, in this country. They settled in Worth county, Iowa, and there the mother passed away in 1881, after which the father made his home with his son Ole until his death, which occurred in 1904.

Mr. Bjorkjonli acquired a limited education in the common schools of Norway and in 1867 came to the United States, establishing his home in Cerro Gordo county, Iowa, after one year spent in Winneshiek county, Iowa. In Cerro Gordo county he purchased one hundred acres of land and began farming on his own account. The same year he made further preparations for a home of his own by his marriage to Miss Hannah Paulson, also a native of Norway, who came to the United States with her parents when in her fifteenth year.

Mr. Bjorkjonli became a resident of Emmet county in 1882, but in 1876 he purchased two hundred and forty acres of land, upon which he took up his abode six years later. In subsequent years he added to his holdings from time to time as his financial resources increased until his farm comprised almost a full section of land. Later, however, he sold a portion of this property but still owns four hundred acres in Emmet county and two hundred and forty acres in Todd and Cass counties, of Minnesota, his landed possessions affording him an excellent annual income. While upon the farm he converted his place into rich and productive fields, from which he annually gathered good harvests that enabled him to put aside something from his earnings year by year until in 1906, possessing a handsome competence, he retired from active farm life and removed to Estherville, where he has since made his home, enjoying a rest which he has truly earned and richly deserves. In the meantime Mr. Bjorkjonli broadened the scope of his activities by becoming one of the organizers of the Emmet County Farmers' Cooperative Insurance Company and upon its organization was made a member of its board of directors, in which position he has served continuously since, covering twenty-four years, while for the past sixteen years he has been treasurer of the company. He is now agent for several Scandinavian steamship lines but otherwise has no active business connections.

To Mr. and Mrs. Bjorkjonli have been born thirteen children, eight of whom still survive, as follows: Albert, who follows farming in Emmet township, Emmet county; George, who is engaged in the land business at Estherville, Iowa; John, an agriculturist of Clearwater county, Minnesota; Isaac, who follows farming in Todd county, Minnesota; Josephine, the wife of Frank Doyle, of St. Paul, Minnesota; Nettie, the wife of Edward Koenecke, who operates one of Mr. Bjorkjonli's farms in Emmet county; Jacob, a student in the Iowa State University; and Jennie, the wife of Lawrence Sargeant, who cultivates the old home farm of Mr. Bjorkjonli.

Politically Mr. Bjorkjonli is a republican, having long supported the party. He served as township trustee for fifteen years and as justice of the peace for about the same length of time and in both offices discharged his duties with promptness and fidelity, his decisions as justice being strictly fair and impartial, a fact which is indicated by his long retention in the office. He has been officially connected with the schools for many years as a member of the school board and he has put forth every possible effort to advance the welfare of the community and uphold its civic standards. Mr. and Mrs. Bjorkjonli are members of the Norwegian Lutheran church and are numbered among the well known and highly esteemed residents of this part of the state. Laudable ambition prompted Mr. Bjorkjonli to sever home ties in early manhood and seek his fortune in the new world. With the passing years he has made steady progress and his energy and determination have enabled him to overcome all difficulties and obstacles in his path. His life record should serve to inspire and encourage others, showing what may be accomplished through individual effort and proving also that success and an honored name may be won simultaneously.





JOHN B. BLOM

John B. Blom, living on section 3, Center township, was born in Holland, June 26, 1860, a son of Barnard and Mary (Myers) Blom, who were also natives of the same country. In 1871 they severed home ties there and came with their family to America, establishing their home at Ackley, Hardin county, Iowa, where their remaining days were passed. They had a family of twelve children, seven of whom are yet living.

John B. Blom was a youth of eleven years at the time of the emigration to the new world and upon the home farm in Hardin county he was reared, while his education was acquired in the district schools of the neighborhood. He was early trained to the work of the fai'm and soon became familiar with the best methods of tilling the soil and caring for the crops. After attaining his majority he began railroad work with the bridge and wrecking gang of the Iowa Central Railroad, with which he was connected for five years. At the end of that time he married and began farming on his own account on rented land in Grundy county, Iowa, where he remained for seven years. In 1892 he removed to Emmet county and purchased his present farm on section 3, Center township, becoming owner of one hundred and sixty acres, which he has since improved with substantial buildings. His fann is today one of the attractive features of the landscape. In addition to the work of tilling the soil he has made a specialty of raising and feeding stock of all kinds and this branch of his business is proving very profitable, for he  is an excellent judge of stock and therefore makes his investments wisely, leading to profitable sales.

Mr. Blom was united in marriage to Miss Tillie Juergens, a native of Germany. They have become parents of eight children: Jerry, living in Emmet county; Bennard, now of Minnesota; Aldrick, Joe, Chris and Thomas, all in Emmet county; Mary, the wife of Charles Fank; and one who died in infancy.

The parents are consistent and loyal members of the Lutheran church and Mr. Blom is a stalwart supporter of the republican party, believing that its platform contains the best elements of good government. He is now serving as road superintendent and he has also served on the school board. He is interested in all those forces which work for the progress and upbuilding of the community and at no time is he remiss in the duties of citizenship. He works for the benefit and upbuilding of the district as well as for the advancement of his own fortunes and in his business career he may well be termed a self-made man, for he owes his prosperity entirely to his close application and indefatigable energy.



CHARLES BLAIR

Charles Blair, a merchant of Hoprig, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on the 7th of February, 1860, a son of Charles and Margaret (Dick) Blair, who were also natives of the land of hills and heather and there spent their entire lives, the father being connected with the wholesale stationery business.

Charles Blair when a youth of fourteen was apprenticed to the wholesale paper business, receiving about fifty dollars for his first year's services, out of which sum he paid for his board and also purchased his clothing. He remained with that house for six years and in 1881 he came to the United States, arriving in Emmetsburg, Palo Alto county, Iowa, on the 2d of April of that year. Two weeks later he removed to Emmet county and for six months he worked for his board for Joe Hardy. He afterward spent eighteen months in the employ of Samuel Blair, again working for his board, but during that period he was gaining valuable experience together with a knowledge of American manners and customs and, furthermore, a knowledge of land values. At the end of that time he bought three hundred and twenty acres of land for his brother, John G. Blair, and for two years operated the farm, or until his brother came to America. The brothers then cultivated the place in partnership for five years, at the end of which time Charles Blair went to Chicago, where he was employed in the wholesale grocery house of Sprague, Warner & Company, with whom he continued for fifteen years. Later he became identified with the Northern Trust Company Bank of Chicago, with which he remained for five years. On his return to Emmet county he established a mercantile business at Hoprig, with which he has since been identified.

Mr. Blair was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Thompson, of Emmetsburg, who passed away two years later. His political allegiance is given to the republican party but he does not seek nor desire the honors and emoluments of office, preferring to concentrate his efforts and interests upon his business affairs.



HANS K. BONNICKSEN

One of the prosperous farmers and leading citizens of Denmark township, Emmet county, is Hans K. Bonnicksen, who, like most of the residents of that locality is of Scandinavian birth. He was born in Denmark on the 27th of February, 1865, and is the third in a family of six children, their parents being Knud and Katrina Bonnicksen. In 1872 the father brought his family to America and settled in Clinton, Iowa, where he was employed as a teamster for two years. The following six years were spent near Malone, Iowa, where he engaged in farming on rented land, but at the end of that time he returned to Clinton, where he again made his home for two years. Coming to Emmet county in 1883 he purchased the southeast quarter of section 23, Denmark township, and later added to this the south half of the northeast quarter of the same  section, whereon he continued to reside for several years, his time and energies being devoted to the cultivation and improvement of his farm. During the last few years of his life, however, he lived retired, first in Armstrong and later in Ringsted, where he passed away July 18, 1913. His wife had died on the 6th of November, 1902, and both were laid to rest in St. Paul's cemetery.

Reared under the parental roof, Hans K. Bonnicksen attended the neighboring schools until sixteen years of age and gave his father the benefit of his services upon the home farm until he attained his majority. His life has practically been devoted to agricultural pursuits and at the age of twenty-six years he purchased the north half of the southeast quarter of section 22, Denmark township, to which he subsequently added the north half of the south half of that quarter section, making one hundred and twenty acres in all. Still later he purchased the north half of the south half of the northwest quarter, of section 23 and has since been actively engaged in the operation of this land.

In 1892 Mr. Bonnicksen married Miss Lena Schulz, a daughter of Peter and Krogh Schulz, who came to this country from Denmark and were early settlers of Denmark township, Emmet county. Her father is deceased and is buried in St. John's cemetery, but her mother is still living and is now Mrs. N. C. Nielsen, of Ringsted. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Bonnicksen are Carl, Katrina, Christina and Arnold, all at home.

The family hold membership in St. John's Lutheran church, and Mr. Bonnicksen affiliates with the republican party. He has been called upon to serve as township clerk two years, school director one year and road supervisor one year. For a number of years he has been a director of the Ringsted Creamery Company and is also a director of the Farmers Savings Bank of Ringsted. In business affairs he has steadily prospered owing to his wise judgment and untiring industry and he now ranks among the well-to-do farmers and representative citizens of his community.



KNUDT BONNICKSEN

Knudt Bonnicksen, who is giving his undivided attention to the operation of a good farm of eighty acres on section 13, Denmark township, was born in Clinton, Iowa, on the 14th of June, 1885. His parents, Jurgen and Laura Bonnicksen, were born in Denmark but emigrated to the United States many years ago and after living for a time in Clinton, Iowa, removed to Kossuth county, where the father is now farming.

Knudt Bonnicksen, who is the firstborn of a family of nine children, attended the public schools of Kossuth county until he was sixteen years old and later was for two terms a student in Elkhorn College at Elkhorn, Iowa. He assisted his father with the operation of the home place until he was twenty-five years old and then came to Denmark township, Emmet county, where he rented land for four years. Two years were spent as a renter in Kossuth county, but at the end of that time he returned to Denmark township, Emmet county, and bought the west half of the southeast quarter of section 13, on which he has since resided. He has made a number of improvements upon his farm and is careful to conserve the fertility of the soil. He is up-to-date and at the same time practical in his methods and receives a good annual income from his land.

Mr. Bonnicksen was united in marriage on the 26th of January, 1910, to Miss Gina Toft, a daughter of Hans and Abilena Toft, who were among the first settlers of Denmark township and are now living retired in Ringsted. Mr. and Mrs. Bonnicksen are the parents of three children, namely, Vivian, Chalmer and Harry.

Mr. Bonnicksen supports the republican party at the polls, but has not been otherwise active in politics. He is a member of St. John's Danish Lutheran church and fraternally is identified with the Danish Brotherhood. He has been entirely dependent upon his own resources since starting out in life for himself and the prosperity which he has gained is an indication of his ability and industry.




WILLIAM EDWIN BRADLEY, M.D.

Dr. William Edwin Bradley, successfully engaged in the practice of medicine at Estherville, comes to this field well equipped by liberal university and college training for the responsible duties which devolve upon him in this connection. He was born in LaCrosse county, Wisconsin, February 14, 1865, a son of Albert O. and Jennie (Mois) Bradley. The father was born at Spring Prairie, Walworth county, Wisconsin, November 13, 1838. The mother, a native of England, born April 11, 1840, came to America when four years of age and passed away in Estherville on the 9th of July, 1911. The family lived for many years in La Crosse county and during the period of his youth William E. Bradley mastered the branches of learning that constitute the curriculum of the public schools there, becoming a high school pupil at Sparta. Subsequently he entered the University of Wisconsin, in which he remained a student from 1886 until 1890, winning the Bachelor of Science degree. He next entered the Rush Medical College of Chicago and completed his professional course by graduation with the class of 1892.

For six months he practiced in Stanley, Wisconsin, and since November, 1892, has resided continuously in Estherville, where during the intervening period of twenty-five years he has built up a very successful and gratifying practice. He is most conscientious in the performance of all his professional duties, recognizing fully the obligations and responsibilities that devolve upon him, and he has ever kept well informed concerning the latest discoveries in medical science, and while never hasty in discarding old and time-tried methods, he is yet quick to appreciate the worth of new ideas advanced and to utilize them in his professional labors.

On the 17th of July, 1895, in Estherville, Iowa, Dr. Bradley was united in marriage to Miss Eva C. Robinson, daughter of John M. and Martha Robinson. They are now the parents of two children, Janet Marian and William Robinson. Dr. Bradley and his wife are consistent members of the Presbyterian church and in social circles they occupy an enviable position, the hospitality of the best homes of the city and surrounding country being cordially extended to them in appreciation of their sterling worth. Dr. Bradley is also a well known Mason, holding membership in lodge, chapter and commandery, but he makes all other interests subservient to his professional duties and in his chosen calling he has continuously progressed by reason of his wide study, his broad experience and his sympathetic and almost intuitive understanding of people.



JAMES L. BROWN

James L. Brown, who owns and operates four hundred and seventy-two acres of fine land in Center township, Emmet county, is fully entitled to the honor that is given to a man who through his own efforts has gained prosperity and a place among the leading citizens of his community. He was born on the 19th of March, 1863, in Norway, of which country his parents, Lars and Anna Brown, were also natives. The mother passed away there, but in 1886 the father came to America, where his last years were spent.

James L. Brown is one of a family of six children, of whom four survive, and his education was that afforded by the public schools of Norway. In 1882, when nineteen years old, he came to America as he had heard highly favorable reports concerning conditions here, and he first located in Polk county, Iowa. After working on the railroad for two months he was employed on a farm in Wright county, Iowa, for a time and in 1885 also worked on a farm in Kendall county, Illinois. Subsequently he rented a farm in Wright county, this state, which he cultivated for three years. During that time he carefully saved his money and was able to buy eighty acres in Wright county, which he farmed until 1898, when he disposed of the place and purchased his present home farm on section 35, Center township, Emmet county. His holdings now comprise four hundred and seventy-two acres, all under cultivation and well improved, and he derives a substantial income from the sale of his grain and stock. In his methods of work he is at once practical and progressive and he also makes a close study of the market so as to sell to the best advantage.

Mr. Brown was married in 1888 to Miss Maggie Larson, a native of Clinton county, Iowa, and a daughter of Thomas and Christina Larson, who located in that county on their emigration to America. The mother has passed away, but the father survives. Eight children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Brown: Anna C, the wife of Swen Berg; Tilda J., who married Lewis Berg; Clarence C.; Lloyd S.; Joseph M.; Lars Elmer; Milford E.; and Vernon T.

Mr. Brown loyally supports the candidates and measures of the republican party, at the polls as he is a firm believer in its principles. For two terms he held the office of township assessor and is now acting as county supervisor. He has also served as school director. Both he and his wife are identified with the Lutheran church, which fact is indicative of the keen interest they take in forces working for the moral uplift of their community.



JESSE V. BURKHEAD

Jesse V. Burkhead, the proprietor of the only clothing store in Armstrong, Iowa, is an up-to-date and enterprising merchant, sparing no pains to satisfy his customers. He was born in Brandon, Buchanan county, Iowa, September 12, 1884, and is a son of Gilbert W. and Nora R. (Pike) Burkhead, likewise natives of Buchanan county. In 1889 the j family removed to Emmet county, where the father became a landowner, and agricultural pursuits continued to claim his attention until 1906. He now makes his home with his son, Jesse V., but the mother passed away on the 25th of December, 1914.

Jesse V. Burkhead was but a child when the family home was established in this county and received his education in the schools here. For several years he clerked in a clothing store in Armstrong and in 1906 he engaged in that line of business on his own account in partnership with H. J. Felkey, his father-in-law, under the firm name of Felkey & Company. This connection was maintained for four years, at the end of which time Mr. Burkhead became sole proprietor of the store, which he is still conducting. It is the only clothing store in the town and he enjoys a large patronage, his trade covering not only Armstrong but the adjoining districts. He carries a large stock of the best makes of ready-to-wear clothing and is thoroughly reliable in all his business dealings. He also owns a store at Swea City, Iowa.

The marriage of Mr. Burkhead and Miss Florence M. Felkey was celebrated on the Ist of January, 1908. She is a daughter of H. J. and Rebecca Felkey, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work. To  this union have been born two children: Lorna D., whose natal day was July 31, 1909; and Jesse V., born November 30, 1916.

Mr. Burkhead casts his ballot in support of the men and measures of the republican party and has been honored by election to the town council, of which he has been a member for three years. He is a Mason. In building up the large trade which he enjoys he has not only won individual success but has also contributed to the commercial development of his town and can always be counted upon to cooperate with others in advancing the interests of the community as a whole.




RALPH M. BUTLER


Ralph M. Butler, who is acceptably serving as cashier of the Farmers Savings Bank of Ringsted, is a native of Iowa, his birth occurring in Benton county on the 15th of February, 1890. His parents are Allen R. and Josephine (Grettenberg) Butler, the former a native of Ohio and the latter of Black Hawk county, Iowa. It was during his childhood that the father came to this state and located in Benton county, where he made his home until 1894, when he removed to Emmet county, Iowa. After farming here for some time he embarked in the hardware business at Dolliver and in April, 1915, after serving as sheriff of Emmet county for eight years, removed to Ceylon, Minnesota, where he has since engaged in the banking business, being president of the First National Bank at that place and one of its leading business men. His wife is also living.

Being only four years of age on the removal of the family to Emmet county, Ralph M. Butler was here reared and educated. At the age of eighteen he entered a bank at Dolliver as bookkeeper and held that position for three and one-half years. Subsequently he was cashier in a bank at Cylinder for the same length of time, and' then came to Ringsted, Emmet county, to accept the position of cashier of the Farmers Savings Bank. This institution was organized in 1915 by Mr. Butler and his father and the capital stock is fifteen thousand dollars, while the deposits now amount to seventy thousand dollars. The present officers are Andrew Larson, president; J. M. Resh, vice president; R. M. Butler, cashier; and S. C. Horen, assistant cashier. Beside his interest in this bank Mr. Butler is a stockholder of the First National Bank of Ceylon, Minnesota. He is a man of good business and executive ability, thoroughly understands the financial interests of the country and in his chosen field of labor is meeting with excellent success.

In politics Mr. Butler is a republican and is now serving as town
clerk of Ringsted and as secretary of the school board. Religiously he is a member of the Presbyterian church and fraternally is connected with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Loyal Order of Moose, the Modern Woodmen of America, and the Yeomen. He is one of the representative
young business men of Emmet county  ho has already met with
success in life and a bright future seems in store for him.



GEORGE W. CANON

George W. Canon, who is living retired in Armstrong, is characterized by an unusual degree of public spirit and has been active in local affairs, especially in the promotion of the educational interests of the town. He was born in Sullivan county, New York, June 30, 1865, and his parents were Cornelius and Ruth (Wood) Canon, natives of Sullivan county and Delaware county, New YoRk, respectively. In June, 1872, the family emigrated to the west and took up their residence in Armstrong Grove township, Einmet county, Iowa, where the father homesteaded land. He devoted the remainder of his life to the operation of that farm and passed away on the 2nd of August, 1895, when seventy-three years old. The mother died in March, 1902, also at the age of seventy-three years.

George W. Canon was reared and educated in this county and has been a witness of much of its development. He remained with his parents until he attained his majority and then farmed rented land for a year. At the end of that time he purchased one hundred and sixty acres in sections 24 and 25, Armstrong Grove township, which he farmed until 1896. He then sold that place and bought another tract of land which he operated for three years and then sold. He then came to Armstrong and for eight years engaged in the produce business, handling poultry and eggs. At the end of that period he again turned his attention to farming, purchasing land in section 20, Iowa Lake township. For five years he cultivated that tract and then disposed of it and bought a quarter section in Pipestone county, Minnesota, but at the end of a year sold that place and returned to Emmet county, farming land belonging to his father-in-law for two years. He then purchased five acres within the corporation limits of Armstrong and has since resided here, enjoying a well-earned leisure. He erected a fine residence modern, in every particular.

In July, 1891, Mr. Canon was united in marriage to Miss Victoria Horswell, a daughter of Richard and Dorcas Horswell. Mr. and Mrs. Canon have a daughter, WinifREd, whose birth occurred on the 27th of April, 1894.

Mr. Canon is a staunch supporter of the RepubHcan party, in rehgious faith is a Methodist, and fraternally is connected with the Masonic Order. He was assessor for one year and for seven years has been a member of the school board. He was instrumental in the building of the new consolidated school at Armstrong, of which the community is justly proud, and was also a member of the board that erected the old schoolhouse. All that he has undertaken he has done to the best of his ability and his efforts have been crowned with success.



FRANK CARPENTER

Frank Carpenter, who since 1888 has been connected with the Estherville Democrat and has been owner and editor of the paper since November, 1896, is now also filling the position of postmaster in Estherville. Iowa numbers him among her native sons, for his birth occurred in Webster City, November 5, 1870. His parents were Charles and Louise P. (Miller) Carpenter. In the schools of Webster City and of Estherville he pursued his education and his early life was devoted to agricultural pursuits, but later he took up the newspaper business, in which he has since been engaged, securing a position on the Estherville Democrat in 1888. Finding this pursuit congenial, he worked his way upward and in November, 1896, took over the paper by purchase and has since been its owner and publisher, making it one of the chief democratic organs and leading newspapers in the northwestern part of the state. He also has other business interests, being one of the stockholders and directors of the Iowa Savings Bank of Estherville.

Mr. Carpenter is identified with several fraternal organizations, having membership with the Elks, the Woodmen, the Homesteaders and the Moose. In politics he has always been an earnest democrat since age conferred upon him the right of franchise and from 1910 until 1914 he served as chairman of the democratic county central committee. In July, 1913, he was appointed by President Wilson to the position of postmaster of Estherville and has since served in that capacity. He has ever stood for progress and improvement in community aff'airs as well as for advancement in matters of national importance and he is recognized as a splendid type of American manhood and chivalry.



ROY D. CARSON

Roy D. Carson, a well known resident of Armstrong, is one of Iowa's native sons, his birth occurring in Union, Hardin county, October 23, 1882. His parents were Eli William and Melissa (Humphrey) Carson, natives of Indiana and Ohio respectively. During the Civil war the father served in the Union army for three years and eight months and was holding the rank of lieutenant when mustered out. He afterward removed to Cresco, Iowa, where lie purchased land and engaged in farming for some time. Subsequently he owned and operated a farm near Union in Hardin county for many years, but finally retired from active labor and removed to Union, where he was living at the time of his death, which occurred in October, 1915, when he was seventy-nine years of age. His wife had passed away in 1901.

In the public schools of Union, Iowa, Roy D. Carson acquired his education and in early life he learned the barber's trade, at which he worked in different places until 1914. In 1908 he had become a resident of Armstrong, Emmet county, and since selling his barber shop there has conducted a billiard hall at that place and has also engaged in the real estate business, handling Iowa, Minnesota and North and South Dakota lands. To some extent he has also followed auctioneering. He owns the building in which he is now engaged in business and also a nice residence in Armstrong.

On the 31st of March, 1905, Mr. Carson married Miss Lulu Shea, a daughter of John and Elizabeth Shea, and they have one child, Virginia, born in 1915. In religious faith they are Methodists, and Mr. Carson is also a member of the Modern Woodmen of America. The republican party finds in him a staunch supporter of its principles and he takes a deep and commendable interest in public affairs. Wherever known he is held in high esteem and he has a host of friends in and around Armstrong.



FRED W. CHEEVER

Fred W. Cheever, who is devoting practically his entire time to the operation of his excellent farm on section 15, Iowa Lake township, is also interested financially in a number of local business enterprises. His birth occurred in Butler county, Iowa, in March, 1874, and he is a son of Samuel W. and Helen (Tufts) Cheever, an account of whose lives appears in the sketch of John T. Cheever.

Fred W. Cheever remained at home until he was twenty-three years of age and after completing his education in the district schools assisted his father with the farm work for several years. For a time he had charge of the operation of the home place, but in 1898, at the outbreak of the Spanish-American war, offered his services to the government. He enlisted in Company D, Fifty-second Iowa Volunteer Regiment, but was transferred to Company D, Forty-ninth Iowa Volunteers. He was taken ill while in camp and was in a hospital at Fort McPherson, Atlanta, Georgia, for twenty weeks. On the 24th of May, 1899, he returned home and in the following year arrived in Emmet county, Iowa, where he has since lived. He purchased one hundred and twenty acres on section 15, Iowa Lake township, and at once began the operation of his place. During the first winter, however, he also engaged in teaching school but is now concentrating his energies upon his farm work. He has added to his holdings eighty acres adjoining his original purchase and the entire tract of two hundred acres is in a high state of cultivation and produces excellent crops. He also raises some stock and his annual income ensures him of all the comforts of life. He is a stockholder in the Farmers Elevator Company of Armstrong and also in the Armstrong cement factory, of which he is likewise vice president and a director.

Mr. Cheever was married on the 23d of December, 1901, to Miss Martha Hanson and they have become the parents of three children: Lester F., who was born December 9, 1908; Arnold N., born September 24, 1912; and Martha Fern, born in August, 1915.

Mr. Cheever is a strong republican in his political belief and is quite influential in public affairs. He is now town clerk, which office he has filled since 1905, and for many years has been secretary of the school board, his experience as a teacher qualifying him unusually well to have voice in the management of the local schools. He is characterized by those qualities which invariably win esteem and regard and his personal friends are many.



JOHN T. CHEEVER

John T. Cheever, who owns and operates two hundred and forty acres on sections 14 and 15, Iowa Lake township, was born in Oneida county, New York, August 12, 1866. His parents, S. W. and Helen (Tufts) Cheever, were also natives of the Empire state. The father followed contracting there until 1874, when with his family he removed to Butler county, Iowa, where he became a landowner. There he engaged in farming until his death on the 2nd of June, 1891, at the age of sixty-six years and three months. The mother's death occurred in March, 1896, and she was at that time fifty-seven years and seven months old.

John T. Cheever attended the public schools in New York State and Butler county, Iowa, in the acquirement of his education, and through assisting his father as a boy and youth gained a valuable knowledge of farm work. After attaining his majority he rented land in Butler county, in March, 1896, came to Emmet county and rented land here. He operated that place for two years, after which he bought his present farm, comprising two hundred and forty acres on sections 14 and 15, Iowa Lake township. The buildings are located on section 14 and they, as well as the other improvements upon the farm, have been placed there by Mr. Cheever. His property is one of the best developed and most attractive and valuable farms in the locality. He raises both grain and stock and finds that the two phases of farming co-ordinate well. He is a stockholder in the Armstrong Cement Company.

Mr. Cheever was married on the 31st of January, 1893, to Miss Ella M. Babcock, and they have become the parents of three children, namely: Carl A., who was born January 9, 1895, and died the following June; Linden L., born in September, 1899; and Laura H., born December 3, 1904.

Mr. Cheever is an advocate of Republican principles and supports the candidates of that party at the polls. He is now township assessor and for the past two years has been one of the school directors. He has been characterized throughout his life by industry, perseverance and strict integrity, qualities which go far toward gaining success in any field of endeavor.



JENS CHRISTENSEN

For a third of a century Jens Christensen, who is now living retired in Ringsted, has resided in Emmet county and during that period has seen a transformation that is well nigh incredible. When he arrived here the county was a frontier district with a few widely scattered white settlers and today it is a prosperous and up-to-date farming region. For many years he engaged in agricultural pursuits but is now living in honorable retirement. He was born in Denmark, November 23, 1849, and is one of six children whose parents were Christian and Carrie Marie (Clausen) Jensen, lifelong residents 'of that country, where the father was a blacksmith and small farmer.

Jens Christensen attended the public schools until he was confirmed and from that time until he was twenty-three years of age, with the exception of six months spent in military training, worked for others, thus providing for his own support. He desired to take advantage of the unusual opportunities which he had heard the United States offered to energetic young men and in 1873 came to America, locating in the upper peninsula of Michigan, where he was employed in the iron mines for two years. Later he worked on farms near Oshkosh, Wisconsin, and while there received his citizenship papers. After a year he returned to the mines, where he remained for a year, and then went to Illinois, being employed in the stone quarries at Lamont and Joliet for three years. He next operated a rented farm near Green Bay, Wisconsin, and in 1883 came to Denmark township, Emmet county, Iowa, and purchased eighty acres of land, comprising the west half of the southwest quarter of section 22. Later he bought the northeast quarter of section 28 and the east half of the northwest quarter of that section. As soon as possible he brought his. land under cultivation and for almost three decades his time and energy were given to farming and stock raising. He was not afraid of hard work and his industry, combined with his good management, enabled him to gain a substantial competence. In 1911 he retired from active life and built a fine modern home in Ringsted, where he is now living.

In 1880 occurred the marriage of Mr. Christensen and Miss Mary Hansen, likewise a native of Denmark, where her parents lived and died. To Mr. and Mrs. Christensen were born six children: Arthur, who is married and lives near Antelope, Sheridan county, Montana; Will, also a resident of that locality; John, who is married and lives in Ringsted; Harold, who is married and resides in Sanders county, Montana; Anna, at home; and Elmer, a resident of Sheridan county, Montana.

Mr. Christensen is a staunch republican in politics, but has never had the time nor inclination to take an active part in public affairs although never remiss in his duties as a good citizen. He came to this country empty handed and had no influential friends to aid him in gaining a start but was determined to succeed and has accomplished his purpose, for he is now in very comfortable circumstances. Moreover, he has never resorted to questionable dealings and is esteemed for his integrity as well as his ability.



CHARLES CHRISTIAN

The wealth of Emmet county consists largely of its productive and finely improved farms and its prosperity depends more largely upon the farmers than upon any other class of people. Among the most progressive and successful agriculturists of Jack Creek township is Charles Christian, a native of La Salle county, Illinois. He was born on the 2d of February, 1862, a son of Thomas and Hellen (Rasmussen) Christian, who were born in Norway. On emigrating to America both located in Illinois, where their marriage occurred. From La Salle county they went to Livingston county, that state, whence they later removed to
Cass county, Iowa. There the father died but the mother is now living in Ada, Minnesota.

Charles Christian is one of five living children of a family of nine and his education was that afforded in the public schools of Illinois. When twenty-two years of age he left home and went to South Dakota but after spending a year in that state returned to Cass county, Iowa, where he worked on a farm for two years. The succeeding three years were devoted to the cultivation of rented land in that county. In the spring of 1901 he came to Emmet county and bought one hundred and sixty acres on section 6, Jack Creek township, to the development of which he has since devoted his energies. He has erected fine buildings upon the place and has otherwise improved it and his hard work and good management have led to the accumulation of a competence.

In 1892 Mr. Christian was united in marriage to Miss Christina Paulson, who was born in Minnesota, and they have nine children, Gilbert T., Hazel A., Tomena G., Carl C., Anna D., Melvin R., Milford J., Edward L. and Agnes J.

Mr. Christian supports the republican party at the polls and is now serving his third year as township assessor and is also township trustee. His interest in the schools is indicated by the fact that he is serving upon the board of school directors. Both he and his wife are identified with the Lutheran church and in their daily lives practice the teachings of Christianity.



CHARLES S. CHURCHILL

Charles S. Churchill, of Armstrong, has the reputation of being one of the most skilled carpenters of the town and his services are in great demand. He is also a leading factor in public aff'airs, having been called to many local oflices. He was born in Jackson county, Iowa, January 25, 1859, and is a son of Samuel B. and Elizabeth (Smith) Churchill, born respectively in New York and in Canada. After leaving Jackson county, Iowa, the family removed to Mitchell county, whence in 1872 they came to Emmet county. The father bought a relinquishment on a homestead claim in Armstrong Grove township and devoted the remainder of his life to the operation of his farm. His death occurred in September, 1885, but the mother survives and is still living upon the home place.

Charles S. Churchill obtained his education in the schools of Mitchell and Emmet counties, Iowa, and gave his father the benefit of his labor until he was twenty-five years of age. He then rented land and three years later bought eighty acres in Armstrong Grove township, on which he resided continuously until 1896. He engaged in general farming and stock raising and derived a gratifying annual income from his land. As time passed his resources steadily increased and in 1896 he sold his place and removed to Armstrong, where he has since followed the carpenter s trade He is very proficient in that line of work and has erected many of the best buildings in the town. He owns his home and another good residence, which he rents.

In March, 1884, Mr. Churchill was united in marriage to Miss Amanda J. Clark and they have become the parents of five children, Sadie and Mina, twins; Mary, Addie and Lilly. Mr. Churchill believes firmly in the principles of the republican party and for years has taken an active part in political affairs. For eighteen years he held the office of constable, is now street commissioner and is also serving as city marshal and water commissioner, having been appointed to the last two offices in May, 1916. He is very conscientious in the discharge of his official duties and no trust reposed in him has ever been betrayed. His life has been a busy and active one and has made for the advancement of his community as well as for individual success.



BERT L. CLARK

Bert L. Clark, engaged in the real estate and insurance business at Dolliver, was born in Rock Falls, Wisconsin, April 29, 1882, and is a son of B. P. and Ella (Wallace) Clark, the former also a native of Wisconsin and the latter of Pennsylvania. The parents were married in Wisconsin where they continued to reside until 1889 and then came to Emmet county, Iowa, locating on a farm in Iowa Lake township which the father still owns. The mother passed away October 26, 1916, leaving two children, namely: Grace, now the wife of W. A. Richmond; and Bert L., of this review.

The latter was seven years of age on the removal of the family to Emmet county, where he passed the days of his boyhood and youth in much the usual manner of farmer boys. He attended the common schools and was graduated from the high school of Estherville in 1901. He also pursued a commercial course in a business college at Cedar Rapids and for one year was connected with the Iowa Savings Bank at Estherville, Iowa. In 1906 he was made cashier of the Citizens Bank of Dolliver and after its reorganization as the Farmers Savings Bank in 1912 continued in that position until January 1, 1917. He is now engaged in the real estate and insurance business. He owns a nice residence in the village and also one hundred and twenty acres of land and a half interest in an eighty-acre tract in Emmet county.

Mr. Clark was married in 1911 to Miss Hazel Follett, a native of Emmet county and a daughter of E. A. and Katherine (Gardner) Follett. Her father was born in New York state and her mother in Vermont, but for many years they have made their home in Iowa. To Mr. and Mrs. Clark have been born three children: Faye C., who died March 15, 1916; Loraine E.; and Mavis C. Mr. Clark affiliates with the republican party and is now serving on the town board. Fraternally, he is identified with Armstrong Lodge, No. 533, A. F. & A. M. He is one of the representative business men of the town and wherever known he is held in the highest esteem.



HARVEY E. CLARK

Harvey E. Clark, a well known representative of farming interests in Center township, Emmet county, resides on section 5, where a well-improved farm of one hundred and sixty acres pays tribute to the care and labor which he bestows upon it. Indiana claims him as a native son, his birth having occurred in Putnam county. May 6, 1862, his parents being Alexander C. and Nancy (Bly) Clark, natives of the Hoosier state, who in 1864 removed to Dallas county, Iowa, where they settled upon a farm. Both are still living. To them were born fourteen children, eight of whom survive.

Harvey E. Clark was but two years of age at the time of the removal to Dallas county, so that the period of his youth was largely passed there and to the public school system he is indebted for his educational opportunities. His farm training was received under his father's direction and he continued to assist in the development of the old homestead until he reached the age of twenty-five years, when, desirous of engaging in farming on his own account, he bought land in Dallas county which he continued to cultivate until 1911, when he sold that property and invested in six hundred acres in Center township, Emmet county, constituting his present home property. This is well improved and his attention is systematically given to the work of the farm and results in the harvesting of good crops annually.

In 1887 occurred the marriage of Harvey E. Clark and Miss Deborah C. Mills, a native of Dallas county, Iowa, and a daughter of Jeremiah and Nancy (Etchison) Mills, both now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Clark have become the parents of six children, but lost their firstborn. Bertha. The others are: Earl C, Ivol W., Esther P., now Mrs. T. O. Marriott; Everett A., and Dean A.

The parents are consistent members of the Christian church and Mr. Clark gives his political allegiance to the Democratic party. He is now serving as chairman of the board of trustees in his township and is ever loyal in his support of all plans and projects tending to promote the public welfare. His has been an active and well spent life and his labors have found their legitimate reward in substantial success.



R. C. COLEMAN, M.D.

Striving ever to reach high professional standards, his attainments along the line of his chosen life work have brought Dr. R. C. Coleman prominently before the public as a most capable physician and surgeon of Estherville. He was born in Livermore, Iowa, on the 12th of November, 1889, a son of Isaac Coleman, a native of Toronto, Canada, who when about sixteen years of age crossed the border into New York state, where he resided for five years. He then removed westward to Iowa, settling at Lost Nation, Jackson county, where he spent three years. He afterward removed to Livermore, Humboldt county, and in 1899 came to Emmet county, establishing his home in Dolliver, where he remained for four years. During that period he devoted his attention to the hardware business, after which he took up the occupation of farming, in which he continued throughout the remainder of his active business life. In 1914, however, he put aside business cares and removed to Estherville, where he is now enjoying a well earned rest. It was subsequent to his removal to Iowa that he married Miss Nettie Moulton, of Maquoketa, whose parents had removed to Jackson county, Iowa, from New York in 1844, being among the first of the pioneer settlers of that district.

At the usual age Dr. Coleman became a public school pupil and continued his education in the high school at Armstrong, from which he was graduated with the class of 1904. In the fall of 1905 he entered the Iowa State University, in which he pursued a two years' course in the liberal arts. In 1908 he matriculated in the medical department of the State University and won his M.D. degree in due course of time as a graduate of the class of 1912. He spent the following year as an interne in the University Hospital and in post graduate work and through his hospital experience gained that broad knowledge and efficiency which can be secured in no other way as quickly as in hospital practice. In July, 1913, he went to Europe for further study and spent eight months in attendance at the clinics in Vienna, after which he made his way to Gratz, Austria, where he spent six months in further study, whereby he became familiar with the methods of some of the most eminent physicians and surgeons of the old world. In October, 1914, he returned to the United States to take up the practice of his profession and on the 20th of January, 1915, opened an office in Estherville, Iowa, where in the past two years he has built up an extensive practice.

On the 24th of May, 1916, Dr. Coleman was united in marriage to Miss Josephine Dean Smith, of Minneapolis, Minnesota. He is a member of Estherville Lodge, No. 545, B. P. O. E., and of the Phi Rho Sigma, a college fraternity. Dr. Coleman also belongs to the Emmet County Medical Society and the Iowa State Medical Association, and while one of the younger, he is also recognized as one of the foremost physicians and surgeons of Emmet county, thoroughly in touch with the mos modern methods and scientific practices known to the profession.



MISS VERA M. COLEMAN

Miss Vera M. Coleman, now serving as postmistress of Dolliver, is a native of Humboldt county, Iowa, and a daughter of Isaac and Nettie (Moulton) Coleman. Her father was born in Toronto, Canada, and when about sixteen years of age removed to New York state, where the following five years were passed. At the end of that time he came to Iowa and spent three years at Lost Nation, Jackson county. Subsequently he made his way to Livermore, Humboldt county, Iowa, and in 1899 came to Emmet county. For four years he was engaged in the hardware business at Dolliver and then turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, which he continued to follow throughout the remainder of his active life. Since 1914, however, he has made his home in Estherville and has lived retired. His wife was born in Maquoketa, her parents having become residents of Jackson county, Iowa, in 1844. They were from New York and were early settlers of Jackson county.

Miss Vera M. Coleman was given good educational advantages and is a graduate of Dolliver high school. She also spent one year at the Iowa State University. In 1914 she was appointed postmistress of Dolliver by President Wilson and has acceptably filled that position ever since. She is one of the most prominent ladies in the town and is an earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal church.



PETER CONLIN

Peter Conlin followed agricultural pursuits throughout his active life and his well directed labors yielded him a good financial return. His last days were spent in honorable retirement from business cares in Armstrong, where he passed away September 4, 1916. He was born in Massachusetts on the 20th of March, 1845, and is a son of James and Anna (Gallagher) Conlin, who emigrated to this country from Ireland in an early day and located in Massachusetts. The father farmed there until the removal of the family to Wisconsin, where he became a landowner. He passed away in 1886 at the advanced age of eighty-four years, and the mother died in 1858.

Peter Conlin spent his boyhood and youth in Wisconsin and received his education in the public schools of that state. When not quite seventeen years of age he was employed in hauling provisions for the Union army and was at the front for about three years. He was taken captive and because of the terrible conditions of prison life became so emaciated that he was little more than a skeleton when he returned to his home in Wisconsin. As soon as he had sufficiently recovered his strength he went to work as a farm hand and so continued until 1871, when he came to Emmet county, Iowa, and took up a homestead in Armstrong Grove township. He brought that place to a high state of cultivation and made many improvements thereon. For thirty-three years his time and energy were taken up with the operation of his farm, and his good management and thrift enabled him to accumulate a competence. At length he retired and took up his residence in Armstrong, where he died September 4, 1916, at the age of seventy-one years and five months.

On the 4th of December, 1869, Mr. Conlin was married to Miss Delia Harrity, a daughter of John and Bridget (Thornton) Harrity, who were natives of Ireland but emigrated to America, locating near Cleveland, Ohio. The father was for a time foreman on a large farm there, but later the family removed to Wisconsin and he purchased land, which he cultivated until his death. To Mr. and Mrs. Conlin were born five children: Anna, who died April 24, 1906; Mary and John, twins; James, and Patrick, who is a resident of Emmetsburg.

Mr. Conlin was a Democrat in politics but was without ambition to hold office, being content to discharge his duties as a citizen in a private capacity. However, he was chosen by popular suffrage trustee of his township. In religious faith he was a Catholic. The patriotism which prompted him to give his services to the Union at the time of the Civil War characterized him throughout life and he always placed the general welfare above his personal interests.


BYRON M. COON

Byron M. Coon is engaged in the practice of law in Estherville, being a well known attorney of Emmet county. He was born in Washington, D. C, March 3, 1880, and is a son of Byron C. and Janet (McPherson) Coon, who were natives of New York and of Maryland respectively. The father is now a distinguished citizen of the nation's capital and at present is filling a position in the office of the second assistant postmaster general. He has been connected with the postoffice department there for forty-five years and no higher testimonial of fidelity and capability could be found than the statement of the fact of his long connection with the department and his steady advancement in the service.

Byron M. Coon, reared in his native city, attended the George Washington Law University, from which he was graduated on the completion of the regular course. He was then admitted to practice before the supreme court of the District of Columbia and in the United States courts in 1908. He spent six months in a law office, gaining practical experience, and on the expiration of that period removed westward to Estherville, Iowa, where he became associated in practice with George E. Patterson, opening an ofiice in the old Coon block. This was before the fire of 1904. He continued his connection witli Mr. Patterson for a year and later was associated in law practice with Judge N. J. Lee for a year subsequent to 1910 but between the years 1904 and 1910 was alone in practice. In April, 1916, he was joined by S. G. Bammer in a law partnership that is still maintained. He is devoting his attention to general law practice and is a strong and able attorney, preparing his cases with great thoroughness and care. He is resourceful, being seldom surprised by the unexpected attack of an adversary, and at all times his deductions are sound, his reasonings logical and his arguments convincing. He first gleaned knowledge of Estherville through a visit with relatives, Mr. and Mrs. C. C. Doolittle, and becoming impressed with the city and its opportunities, he returned to enter the field of active practice here in 1903. In 1901 he had been connected with the agricultural branch of the twelfth federal census, editing the agricultural data, and this brought him much knowledge concerning the state, its conditions and its opportunities, leading to his later investigation, with the result that Iowa gained a substantial citizen and Mr. Coon found here a profitable field of labor.

In 1906 occurred the marriage of Mr. Coon and Miss Mary E. Lesher, a daughter of W. A. and Alvira Lesher, then of Estherville. The mother is now deceased, while the father at the present time resides in Le Mars, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Coon have become the parents of three children: Paul L., who was born April 12, 1907; Janet, April 4, 1909;and Mary Elizabeth, June 30, 1912.

The parents are members of the Presbyterian church and in the social life of the city they occupy an enviable position. Fraternally Mr. Coon is connected with the Elks, the Odd Fellows, the Modern Woodmen of America and the Yeomen. For two years he was venerable consul of the Modern Woodmen camp at Estherville and was lecturing knight for the Elks for a year. His political endorsement is given to the republican party and he has several times been called upon to fill positions of honor and trust. For four years he served as justice of the peace and his decisions in that office were strictly fair and impartial. For a similar period he filled the oflice of secretary of the independent school district of Estherville. In 1905 he was called to the position of city attorney, which office he occupied for four terms, resigning in 1913 to become county attorney, in which position he is now serving for the second term, making an excellent record by his devotion to duty, coupled with his comprehensive knowledge of the law and his ability to correctly apply its principles.



ROBERT IRVIN CRATTY

One of the most prominent and influential citizens of Armstrong Grove township, Emmet county, is Robert Irvin Cratty, the proprietor of The Maples, located on section 11. He was born in Butler county, Pennsylvania, February 5, 1853, and is a son of William C. and Martha (Hirsch) Cratty, who were also natives of the old Keystone state. The father followed farming in Pennsylvania until 1863, when he removed with his family to Illinois and cohtinued to engage in the same occupation in that state until his death in 1875. The mother had passed away in 1865.

Robert Irvin Cratty began his education in the schools of Pennsylvania and later pursued his studies in the schools of Illinois. On leaving the latter state in 1877 he came to Iowa, where he engaged in teaching school for twenty-one years. He was principal of the schools of Estherville from 1879 to 1882. Prior to this, in 1878, he purchased his present farm of one hundred and sixty acres on section 11, Armstrong Grove township, and began its improvement. He now has a very valuable tract on which are good and substantial buildings and the land is under excellent cultivation.

Mr. Cratty was married April 19, 1878, to Miss Lovina E. Canon, who died on the 22nd of December, 1896, leaving four children, namely: Mabel E.; Edna R.; Alta M.; and Ralph W. On March 4, 1910, Mr. Cratty was united in marriage to Mrs. Mollie E. Webster, of Minneapolis, Minnesota. They are active and consistent members of the Presbyterian church and Mr. Cratty holds the office of Elder. In politics he is a republican and at present is serving as township clerk, which position he has filled for many years. He has also been township trustee and, in fact, has held either one or the other of the two offices for twenty years. He was also treasurer of the school board for twenty years and is a stockholder of the First National Bank of Armstrong. Botany has become his hobby and he has made a large collection of Iowa and Minnesota plants, having a herbarium of six thousand species. He has also written much on the flora of Iowa and has devoted much of his leisure time to that study. He is one of the leading citizens of his community and is a man who commands the respect and confidence of all with whom he isbrought in contact in both business and social life.



Charles W. Crim
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CHARLES W. CRIM

Charles W. Crim, a member of the Estherville bar, was born in Carroll county, Ohio, in May, 1850, a son of John and Salina Crim, who were farming people of the Buckeye state, whence they removed to Iowa in 1855, settling in Boone county, near Mineral Ridge, where they spent their remaining days. They were members of the Methodist Episcopal church and people of genuine personal worth. They reared a family of three sons and six daughters. The Crim family comes of German ancestry and was established on American soil prior to the Revolutionary war, settlement being made in Virginia. One branch of the family, opposed to the institution of slavery, removed to Ohio and from that state its representatives have gone to all parts of the country, especially to various states of the west.

Charles W. Crim learned life's lessons practically in the hard school of experience. He worked on a farm through the summer and in the winter months mastered such branches of learning as were taught in the district schools near his father's home. Between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four years he taught school and devoted the hours which are usually termed leisure to the study of law, utilizing every possible moment in that manner until admitted to the bar on examination. In the meantime he had spent a few terms as a pupil in Simpson College at Indianola, Iowa, but otherwise he has been self taught. He had the usual experiences of the pioneer boy, living in a log cabin in an unsettled country with its attendant hardships, the meals of the family largely consisting of corn bread, pork and hominy. Such a life, however, is not without its pleasures and its opportunities. Necessity perhaps calls for hard labor, but at the same time it develops the best in the individual, gives him strength and power of resistance and makes him ready for anything that may come. Laudable ambition prompted Mr. Crim to prepare for the bar and since his admission he has continuously practiced his profession in the state and federal courts. At the same time he has been a reader of general literature and has kept in touch with the trend of modern thought and progress. He has also broadened the scope of his business connections through investments in banks and other local enterprises, including a wholesale grocery house and a telephone company.

In September, 1890, Mr. Crim was married to Miss Sarah McCulla daughter of Robert and Jane McCulla, of a Scotch-Irish-Canadian family of farming people. Mrs. Crim was born in Iowa and engaged in teaching school prior to her marriage. Their daughter, Grace, who has been a student in the Universities of Minnesota and of Iowa, is now completing a course in language, liberal arts and music. The son, Charles Harold, is a student of engineering in the State University of Illinois.

As a farm boy Mr. Crim became a member of the Grange. He has since become identified with the Masonic bodies and the Knights of Pythias. His military experience covers service with the Iowa State Militia from 1878 until 1880. From 1892 until 1898 he filled the office of prosecuting attorney but has never been an aspirant for office, preferring to concentrate his eff'orts upon the private practice of law. In politics he has always been a republican and is a believer in preparedness, military and otherwise. He is also a protectionist and is rather inclined to the Hamiltonian than the Jeffersonian theory of popular government. He has ever believed that the surest road to permanent success in life is through untiring industry, hard work and unflinching integrity and he has thus shaped his course with the result that he stands today among the most able and prominent of the lawyers of this section of the state. He is a believer in the religion of correct living as defined by the golden rule and as explained in Bryant's "Thanatopsis."



L. E. CRIM

L. E. Crim, postmaster at Wallingford, to which position he was appointed on the 12th of January, 1916, is a native son of Emmet county, his birth having occurred at Estherville, August 18, 1888. His parents were A. A. and Eva (Brown) Crim, the former a native of Boone county. Iowa, and the latter of Massachusetts. About forty years ago A. A. Crim took up his abode in Emmet county, where he and his wife are still living, being among the well known and worthy farming people of this section of the state. In their family were four children and the family circle yet remains unbroken by the hand of death.

The usual experiences of the farm bred boy came to L. E. Crim in the period of his youth. He attended the district schools and through the summer months aided in the work of the fields, early becoming familiar with all the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist. In 1913 he engaged in the hardware and implement business at Wallingford and has since conducted his store in that city. He carries a carefully selected line, representing the leading manufacturers of the country, and from the beginning his trade has constantly grown. He is also filling the position of postmaster, as previously indicated, thus
becoming one of the active officials of his city.

In 1911 Mr. Crim was married to Miss Gay Shaffer, a native of Grundy county, Iowa, and a daughter of W. A. and Lydia Shaffer, who are now residents of Waterloo, this state. Mr. and Mrs. Crim have become the parents of a son, Keith W., who was born on the 18th of June, 1912.

Mr. Crim has always been a democrat since age conferred upon him the right of franchise and gives stalwart support to the party, believing firmly in its principles. His entire life has been passed in Emmet county, where he has a very wide and favorable acquaintance, and he is now numbered among its enterprising and substantial young business men.




HENRY CRONK

A fine farm of one hundred acres of excellent land in Armstrong Grove township, Emmet county, is evidence of the industry and thrift of Henry Cronk, who died February 7, 1917. He was a progressive and successful farmer and stock raiser. He was born in Canada in September, 1840, a son of David and Nancy (Clark) Cronk, also natives of that country. The father engaged in farming there until his death in 1866 and nine years later the mother also passed away.

Henry Cronk remained at home until he became of age and obtained his education in the public schools of the Dominion. After beginning his independent career he farmed there for a time and also engaged in threshing during the summer seasons but in 1866 he came to Emmet county, Iowa, and bought a relinquishment on a claim of three hundred acres on section 13, Armstrong Grove township. He at one time owned three hundred and twenty acres but disposed of all save one hundred acres, which he continued to operate until his death. He raised grain but paid particular attention to the breeding of fine stock. He was the first man to bring a thoroughbred animal into Emmet county and for some time engaged extensively in raising shorthorn cattle and Poland China hogs. Success attended his well directed laljors and a substantial competence was his.

Mr. Cronk was married in February, 1867, to Miss Bessie Horswell, an account of whose parents appears in the sketch of Richard elsewhere in this work. To Mr. and Mrs. Cronk were born twelve children, namely: Byron, Amy, Charley, George, Richard, Olive, Earl, Bessie, Irwin and Jennie, all of whom survive; and Addie and Ross, both of whom died in infancy.

Mr. Cronk was a staunch republican in politics but never was an aspirant for official honors. He belonged to the Free Methodist church and in all his dealings conformed his conduct to high ethical standards.



ELMER E. CRUMB

Elmer E. Crumb, who owns and operates a valuable farm in Emmet township, was bom in New York state on the 30th of August, 1862, a son of John and Maria H. (Nye) Crumb, also natives of that state. In 1866 the family removed to Emmet county, Iowa, and the father homesteaded one hundred and sixty acres on section 24, Emmet township. That was in the early period of the development of the county and for a number of years the family lived in a log cabin, while the other conditions of life were such as are usually found in an unsettled region. The mother passed away on the 13th of March, 1875, and on the 5th of October, 1886, the father likewise responded to the final summons. To them were born seven children but two are now deceased.

Elmer E. Crumb was reared in Emmet county, being but four years of age when brought here by his parents, and his education was that afforded by the pioneer schools. On attaining his majority he took over the management of the homestead and subsequently purchased one hundred acres of the place. He still owns that property and as the years have passed has made his farm one of the best improved in the township. He has erected commodious and substantial buildings and sees to it that everything is kept in excellent repair. He divides his time and attention between grain farming and stock raising and feels
that he thus secures the greatest possible return from his land.

On the 12th of December, 1888, Mr. Crumb was married to Miss Sadie A. Butler, who was born in Minnesota, a daughter of Uriel and Amy (Comstock) Butler, natives of New York, who became early settlers of Wisconsin, whence they removed to Minnesota. The mother died on the 26th of April, 1896, in Palo Alto county, but the father survived until January 29, 1911, and died in Emmet county. Mrs. Crumb is one of six children, of whom but two survive, and by her marriage has become the mother of three children, namely: Frank W.; Elma L., at home; and one who died in infancy.

Mr. Crumb is a staunch advocate of republican principles and is faithful in the discharge of all his duties as a citizen. He is especially interested in the welfare of the schools and for several years was a member of the school board. Both he and his wife belong to the Baptist church and his fraternal affiliation is with the Modern Woodmen of America. He is veiy loyal to the interests of the county, in which almost his entire life has been spent, and is satisfied that the opportunities here offered the agriculturist cannot be surpassed elsewhere.



WALTER R. CUMMINS

Walter R. Cummins, a representative and progressive agriculturist of Iowa Lake township, Emmet county, cultivates three hundred and twenty acres of valuable land on section 25. His birth occurred at Painted Post, Steuben county, New York, on the 10th of July, 1863, his parents being Dwight and Martha (Drake) Cummins, who were natives of Vermont and Ohio respectively. The father, who worked at the millwright's trade throughout his active business career, resided in La Salle county, Illinois, during the greater part of his life. His demise occurred January 15, 1893, when he had attained the age of seventy-four years, but his widow still survives and makes her home in Illinois.

Walter R. Cummins was reared and educated in Illinois and there learned the millwright's trade, to which he devoted his time and energies until 1903. In that year, however, he turned his attention to general agricultural pursuits in La Salle county, Illinois, and was thus engaged for four years. On the 28th of February, 1907, he came to Emmet county, Iowa, and rented a half section of land in Iowa Lake township, in the cultivation of which he has been engaged continuously to the present time. He served as secretary and treasurer of the Lake Road Telephone Company for one year and is widely recognized as an enterprising citizen and successful agriculturist of his community.

On the 25th of December, 1883, Mr. Cummins was united in marriage to Miss Emma Benton, by whom he has five children, namely: Vivian D., who has held the office of township assessor for four years; Minnie, who is the wife of Roy Drake and resides in Armstrong; and Edna, Rufus and Ralph, all at home.

Since age conferred upon him the right of franchise Mr. Cummins has supported the men and measures of the republican party. He is now serving in the capacity of trustee, having been elected to that position for a three years' term in the fall of 1916, and he has also been school director, acting as president of the board of education for seven years. Fraternally he is identified with the Modern Woodmen of America, while his religious faith is that of the Methodist church. He has become widely known during the period of his residence in Emmet county and his circle of friends is almost coextensive with the circle of his acquaintance.




JOHN CUNNINGHAM

In the death of John Cunningham Emmet county lost a substantial, worthy and respected citizen, a man who had long been prominently and actively identified with its agrcultural interests and who in every relation of life had conducted himself with such signal energy as to win the esteem of all with whom he came in contact. He was born in Dublin, Ireland, on the 10th of May, 1822, and on crossing the Atlantic to the United States when twenty-six years of age made his way to Tennessee. There he worked as a stone and brick mason for a number of years and afterward went to Wisconsin, where he was employed at railroad work and in lumber camps. He also worked to some extent at the stone mason's trade. Thinking to find still better business opportunities in the new and growing western country, he made his way to Emmet county and was one of the first to settle within its borders. He came with the Mahers just after the Indians drove out the original settlers and before the Ridleys came. Mr. Cunningham purchased the south half of section 36, High Lake township, a tract of raw land on which not a furrow had been turned nor an improvement made. He at once began to develop and cultivate the property and lived thereon during the rest of the hard times when existence in Emmet county meant a continuous struggle. As the years advanced, however, times and conditions changed and Mr. Cunningham's efforts resulted in converting his tract of wild prairie into rich and productive fields from which he annually gathered good harvests that brought him a substantial financial return. He remained upon that place to the time of his death, which occurred September 22, 1904. His life was one of
untiring industry, thrift and perseverance and his success was due to those qualities.

Mr. Cunningham was married in Wisconsin to Miss Elizabeth Banks, a native of Dublin, Ireland, whose parents never came to the United States. Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Cunningham: Michael, who has passed away; one who died in infancy; John, a resident of Emmet county; Thomas and William, both deceased; Adeline, living in Waterloo, Iowa; James, who is cultivating the old home farm; and Mary, the wife of Philbert John Lee Master, who is associated with her brother James in carrying on the old homestead.

Mr. Cunningham was a Catholic in religious faith and in politics was a democrat. He held all the township offices and his loyalty in citizenship stood as an unquestioned fact in his career. His was an active and useful life and indicates what may be accomplished when there is determination and energy. In the face of obstacles and difficulties he worked his way upward and was thus able to leave to his family a very substantial competence as well as an honored name.



E. H. DACK

E. H. Dack, wide-awake and enterprising in his business affairs, is now the owner of a valuable farm property of two hundred and forty acres on section 10, Swan Lake township, Emmet county, to which he removed in 1912. He is yet a young man, his birth having occurred in Dallas county, Iowa, November 5, 1881, his parents being John F. and Nancy A. (Fox) Dack the former a native of Canada and the latter of England. At an early period in the development of Iowa they became residents of this state, where the father followed the occupation of farming, and both he and his wife died in Dallas county. In their family were four children, three of whom yet survive.

E. H. Dack was reared and educated in Dallas county, pursuing a common school course, while his youthful experiences upon the home farm made him familiar with the best methods of tilling the soil and caring for the crops. He was thirty years of age when he removed to Emmet county in 1912 and purchased his present farm on section 10, Swan Lake township, a tract of two hundred and forty acres of rich and arable land which he has brought under a high state of cultivation, adding many modern improvements to the place. It is now a splendid farm and thereon he makes a specialty of dairying, keeping high grade
cows for this purpose.

Mr. Dack was married in 1902 to Miss Myrtle J. Boll, a native of Dallas county, Iowa, and a daughter of M. B. and Hannah Boll. Her mother is now deceased, but her father is still living in Dallas county. Mr. and Mrs. Dack have two children, Herald A. and Verna I.

Mr. Dack votes with the republican party and keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day. He has been school director and township assessor and he is interested in all those forces which make for the upbuilding and development of the district in which he lives. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church and guide their lives according to its teachings, so that many sterling traits of character have won for them the wann regard of all with whom they have been brought in contact.



AUGUST DOBBERSTEIN

A large and well developed farm of two hundred and seventy-nine acres on section 18, Emmet township, pays tribute to the care and labor bestowed upon it by its owner, August Dobberstein, whose life of well directed energy and thrift has brought him a substantial measure of success. He was born in Germany, April 6, 1858, and is a son of Antone and Julia Dobberstein, both of whom were natives of Germany, where they spent their entire lives, there rearing their family of six children, four of whom survive.

August Dobberstein acquired his education in the schools of the fatherland and remained a resident of that country until he reached the age of twenty-five years, when he severed home ties and crossed the Atlantic in 1883, first making his way to Wisconsin. In 1884 he removed to Butler county, Iowa, where he resided for nineteen years, and in 1903 he became a resident of Emmet county, Iowa, where he purchased the farm on section 18, Emmet township, upon which he now makes his home. It is an excellent tract of land of two hundred and seventy-nine acres, which he has brought to a high state of cultivation and to which he has added many modern and attractive improvements in the way of fine buildings, so that his farm constitutes one of the pleasing features of the landscape.

In 1882 Mr. Dobberstein was united in marriage to Miss Rosella Kreinke, a native of Germany, and to them have been born five children: Elsie, who married Joe Kenny, of Emmet county; August, deceased; John, at home; Lena, the wife of Elmer Herbranson, now of Minot, North Dakota; and Francis, at home. The parents are members of the Catholic church and Mr. Dobberstein gives his political allegiance to the democratic party. His life has been one of untiring activity and all that he possesses has been made by him since he came to the new world. He has steadily and persistently worked his way upward and his achievements show what can be accomplished when one has the will to dare and to do.



THOMAS WILLIAM DOUGHTY

Thomas William Doughty, who since 1892 has been cashier of the Emmet County Bank at Armstrong, was born in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, June 19, 1870, of the marriage of David and Lillias Doughty. He attended school in Dumfriesshire and in Edinburgh, Scotland, and received his business training in a business college at Des Moines, Iowa. He first entered the banking business in 1892, when he was made cashier of the Emmet County Bank at Armstrong. He has since held that office and under his management the affairs of the bank have prospered. It has held the unqualified confidence of the public, has been a factor in the commercial development of the town and has paid good dividends to its stockholders. In addition to the bank stock which he owns he holds title to a great deal of valuable real estate in Emmet county and also in Wisconsin and South Dakota. Some of his farms are recognized as the best improved properties in this section of Iowa and his progressive spirit has been as strongly marked in work for the public good as in the development of his private holdings. It has been largely due to his eff'orts that many of the forward movements in Armstrong in the last quarter of a century have succeeded.

Mr. Doughty is independent in politics and has been treasurer of the town of Armstrong continuously since 1895. He has been asked to become a candidate for many other offices, including that of state representative, but has refused. At one time he was associated with the Knights of Pythias, and in religious faith he is a Presbyterian. His sterling worth is indicated in the fact that those who have been intimately associated with him for years are his warmest friends.



FRED R. DOWDEN

A well known representative of banking interests in Emmet county is Fred R. Dowden, numbered among Iowa's native sons, his birth having occurred in Marion county, December 29, 1882, his parents being W. O. and Frances (Hyer) Dowden, who were natives of Ohio. In the year 1855 they came to Iowa and established their home upon a farm in Marion county. In 1892 they removed to Emmet county and took up their abode upon a farm in Lincoln township. To them were born five children, all of whom are yet living.

Fred R. Dowden was a lad of ten summers when the family home was established in Emmet county, so that he has been largely reared and educated within its borders. After mastering the branches of learning taught in the district schools he continued his education in the Dolliver high school, from which in due course of time he was graduated. He continued under the parental roof until after he attained his majority and, starting out in business life, was employed as a bookkeeper in the Dolliver Savings Bank, there remaining for four years. On the expiration of that period he went to South Dakota, where he continued for a year, and in 1908 he removed to Gruver, where he now makes his home. In that year he accepted the position of cashier in the Gruver Savings Bank, in which capacity he still continues. That he has prospered as the years have gone by is indicated in the fact that aside from his bank stock he owns a residence in Gruver and is the owner of one hundred and sixty acres of excellent farm land on section 31, Ellsworth township.

In 1908 was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Dowden and Miss Bessie E. Reed, who was born in Carroll county, Illinois, a daughter of Samuel B. and Sylvia (Bailey) Reed, who were likewise natives of that state and in 1891 came to Emmet county, where they settled upon a farm. Mr. and Mrs. Dowden have become p'arents of three children: Opal L., who was born December 17, 1909; Avis V., born January 19, 1911; and Eileen E., born September 27, 1914.

Mrs. Dowden is a member of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Dowden is well known in fraternal circles, holding membership in the masonic lodge at Estherville, in which he has filled all the chairs, and in the Odd Fellows Lodge, No. 67, in which he has occupied some of the offices. He is also connected with the Modern Woodmen of America and his political allegiance is given to the Republican party. He is actuated by a spirit of enterprise and progress in all that he does and in his business career has made steady advancement that is the direct result of ability and fidelity.



Alexander Dundas
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ALEXANDER DUNDAS

Alexander Dundas, who is living retired in Armstrong after many years of successful farming, was born in Canada, April 17, 1852. His parents, James and Anna (McFadden) Dundas, were natives respectively of Scotland and of Ireland but the mother was also of Scotch descent. On emigrating to America in 1824 the father located in Canada, where he farmed for many years. At length, however, he went to De Kalb county, Illinois, where he rented land until the spring of 1865, when he removed with his family to Kossuth county, Iowa, driving from Illinois to his destination. A son-in-law, John Carroll, came west at the same time and they drove their live stock the entire distance. The household effects of the two families were brought in four covered wagons.Mr. Dundas took up a homestead in Kossuth county but after farming there for five years removed across the line into Emmet county, purchasing eighty acres of land in Armstrong Grove township. He resided upon that place for a number of years but passed away in Armstrong on the 9th of February, 1891, when he had reached the venerable age of
ninety-one years. His wife died on the 13th of the same February, when she was eighty-five years old.

Alexander Dundas remained at home until he was twenty-two years of age and received his education in the public schools. On beginning his independent career he went to Oregon, where he was employed on a ranch for three years, after which he returned home and operated the homestead for two years. He next drove the stage from Webster City, Iowa, to Algona, a distance of sixty-five miles, for a year, and then turned his attention to breaking the prairie for others. In all he broke eighteen hundred acres of land, a record equaled by few. In the early days in the county the nearest mill was at Estherville, Iowa, or Blue Earth, Minnesota, and as horses were very scarce most of the settlers used oxen as draft animals. At length he decided to turn his attention to some field of activity other than agricultural pursuits and for two years was employed in an implement store, working one year for Jack Graham and one year for J. B. Johnson. At the end of that time he again took up the work of the fields, purchasing a farm from his brother in Kossuth county. Eleven years were devoted to the opreation of that place. He then removed to Armstrong and for two years took care of his parents, who were then advanced in years. After returning to his farm he engaged in agricultural pursuits for eight years but at length sold the place and went with his family to Oregon, where he remained for only six months. He came again to Emmet county and bought land one mile from Armstrong, farming that place for three years. He kept well informed as to the discoveries in scientific agriculture and was constantly seeking to become more efficient in the management of his farm work. He was the first man in the county to raise alfalfa and was ranked among those who lead rather than those who follow in the development of the agricultural interests of the county. In March, 1904, he retired from active life and removed to Armstrong, where he purchased a good residence, and there
he still makes his home. He has seen many diff'erent parts of the country. In addition to the places already mentioned he lived for a time in Texas, going there when a young man. He was not pleased with conditions, however, and only remained for six months, returning to Iowa. He is fully convinced that the opportunities offered the farmer in Emmet county are the equal of those to be found anywhere else in the country.

On the 12th of December, 1888, Mr. Dundas was united in marriage to Miss Susie Brayton and they have five children: Edith V., the wife of Peter H. Gehrtz, a resident of northern Minnesota; Minnie R., who married John Van Buskirk and resides in Montana; Clifford, who is living in Armstrong; F. Louvin, a resident of Washburn county, Wisconsin; and Nellie M., at home.

Mr. Dundas is a staunch republican and served ably as justice of the peace and as school director while living in Kossuth county. He attends the Presbyterian church and is a member of the Masonic order and the Eastern Star, these associations indicating the principles which have governed his life. He has a wide acquaintance in this locality and is an authority upon the history of this region as he removed here when it was just being opened to settlement. In fact he and his brother David are the oldest living settlers of this locality. He has at all times discharged to the full the obligations resting upon him as a man and a citizen and the high esteem in which he is held is well deserved.



DAVID DUNDAS

David Dundas, who is farming on section 10, Armstrong Grove township, Emmet county, has been a witness of the development of the county since an early period in its history and has done his part in bringing about its advancement along agricultural lines. He was born in Canada in 1849 and is a son of James and Anna (McFadden) Dundas, natives respectively of Scotland and Ireland, although the mother was also of Scotch descent. They emigrated to the Dominion in an early day and the father cultivated land there for many years. At length he went to DeKalb county, Illinois, whence in 1865 he removed with his family to Kossuth county, Iowa. After farming there for five years he came to Emmet county, Iowa, and bought land in Armstrong Grove township and also took up a homestead there. He operated his farm for a number of years and met with gratifying success. He died in Armstrong, February 9, 1891, and four days later his wife also passed away.

David Dundas received his education in the public schools and remained at home until he was twenty-three years of age, when he took up a homestead in Ai'mstrong Grove township which he operated for thirty-one years, at the end of which time he traded that property for eighty acres on section 10, Armstrong Grove township, adjoining the town of Armstrong, where he has since resided. He has made a number of improvements upon the place and his well directed labors are rewarded by good crops.

Mr. Dundas was married in November, 1874, to Miss Hattie Churchill, a daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth (Smith) Churchill, who were born in New York. They were pioneers of this county, where the father homesteaded land, and he was identified with agricultural interests here until his death in 1886. The mother is still living. Seven children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Dundas, namely: Alfred; Ella, the wife of John Fox; Cora, who married Peter Richardson; Archie; Libbie, the wife of Lee Hoppus; Walter, who died when nine months old; and Leonard, who died at the age of two years.

Mr. Dundas is a republican in his political belief and in religious faith is a Methodist and the fact that those who have known him intimately since boyhood are his staunchest friends is evidence of the uprightness and rectitude of his life.



JOHN DUNDAS

For many years John Dundas was actively identified with the agricultural interests of this section of the state but his last days were spent in retirement in Estherville, where he passed away on the 6th of July, 1915, honored and respected by all who knew him. He was born in Ireland, May 1, 1838, a son of James and Anne Dundas, who emigrated with their family to the new world when John was only four years of age. They first located near Quebec, Canada, where the father engaged in farming for a few years, but in 1861 removed to De Kalb county, Illinois, living there for five years. At the end of that time he came to Emmet county, Iowa, and took up a homestead in Armstrong Grove township, where he followed farming until his death. The mother is also deceased and both were laid to rest in the Armstrong cemetery.

John Dundas accompanied his parents on their various removals until the family came to Emmet county, when he took up a homestead just over the line in Kossuth county. There he successfully engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1893, when he retired to Estherville and built a home on the west side. He lived there until 1913, when he removed to another residence on the same side, it continuing to be the place of his abode until called from this life.

On the 7th of April, 1868, Mr. Dundas was united in marriage to Miss Jane Gibbon, a daughter of William and Jane Gibbon, who were born in England and on crossing the Atlantic settled near Montreal, Canada, but later came to Iowa, the family becoming residents of Winneshiek county when Mrs. Dundas was quite small. Mr. Gibbon took up a homestead in Kossuth county, ten miles from Armstrong, about the same time the Dundas family located in that neighborhood. Fifteen years later, however, Mr. and Mrs. Gibbon removed to Oregon, settling in the Willamette valley, near Salem, where both died and were buried. All the brothers and sisters of Mrs. Dundas still live in that locality.

Seven children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Dundas, namely: Frank H., now a resident of Armstrong; Anna, the deceased wife of Arthur Lewis of Armstrong; Jane, now the widow of James Carroll of Kossuth county and a resident of Armstrong; Carrie, the wife of U. V. James of Estherville; William, who died in infancy; Mina, who died at the age of nine years; and Dora, now Mrs. William Hirth, livng near Armstrong.

By his ballot Mr. Dundas supported the men and measures of the republican party and was called upon to fill a number of township offices while a resident of Kossuth county. He was an earnest and consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church, to which his widow also belongs, and their circle of friends was almost coextensive with their circle of acquaintances. Although he started out in life with nothing, Mr. Dundas was able to leave his family in comfortable circumstances for he was a man of good business ability and met with success in his undertakings.



CHRIS ECKHART

Since removing to Armstrong from his farm Chris Eckhart has conducted a horse and auto livery and has proved very successful in the management of his business interests. A native of Illinois, he was born in Lee county on the 17th of April, 1862, a son of Henry and Martha (Motz) Eckhart, who removed from Germany to America many years ago. The father purchased land in Lee county, lllinois, and engaged in farming there until his death in 1876. He was survived for many years by his widow, who died in October, 1913.

Chris Eckhart was reared and educated in Lee county, Illinois, and remained with his mother until he became of age, when he removed westward to Tama county, Iowa. He rented land there until 1892, when he arrived in Emmet county and bought land in Lincoln township. The farm was unimproved when it came into his possession, but as the years passed he made it one of the best developed farms of his locality, devoting his entire attention to its operation until February, 1916, when he sold the place and came to Armstrong. He has since conducted a horse and auto livery and derives a good income from his business. He likewise owns stock in the Farmers Elevator Company of Armstrong and the Farmers Savings Bank at Dolliver.

In 1895 Mr. Eckhart was united in marriage to Miss Lena Bloss, who died in 1898, leaving two children, Fred and Mary, both still at home. On the 17th of December, 1900, Mr. Eckhart was married to Miss Henrietta Sievers and they had two children, but both died in infancy.

Mr. Eckhart is a strong republican and has discharged to the full the duties devolving upon him as a good citizen but has never been an office seeker. He is in sympathy with the work of all the churches, but has never been identified with any one denomination. He Is characterized by broad-mindedness, enterprise and strict honesty and is justly held in high esteem by all who know him.



HALVOR AND ERIK EGERTSON

Halvor Egertson, a well known and representative farmer of Twelve Mile Lake township, Emmet county, resides on section 2. He was born in Norway, November 26, 1851, a son of Egert and Gro Erikson, who always remained residents of Norway, never coming to the new world. The father was both a farmer and a mason. In the family were seven children, six sons and a daughter.

Halvor Egertson attended district schools in his native country and in 1881, when in his thirtieth year, crossed the Atlantic to the United States, making his way at once to Iowa. Taking up his abode in Emmet county, he worked on a farm until 1888 and during that period carefully saved his earnings until his industry and economy had brought him enough capital to enable him to purchase land. He then became owner of the south half of the northeast quarter of section 2, Twelve Mile Lake township, and afterward purchased forty acres adjoining his farm on the south, thus making it a tract of one hundred and twenty acres, which he has since carefully and successfully conducted. He now has a well improved farm property and the practical and progressive methods which he follows in cultivating his fields result in winning substantial harvests.

In 1876 Mr. Egertson was united in marriage to Miss Christie Nestegard, a daughter of Lars and Bertha Nestegard, also natives of Norway. To Mr. and Mrs. Egertson were born seven children: Erik; Louis and Gundy, both at home; Stephen, deceased; Belle, at home; Helene, now the wife of A. H. Gunderson, of Twelve Mile Lake township; and Emma, the wife of John Nelson, who is living in Wallingford, Iowa.

The parents are members of the Norwegian Lutheran church and guide their lives according to its teachings. In his political views Mr. Egertson is a republican and has held a number of township offices, to which he has been called by his fellow townsmen, who recognize his loyalty and progressiveness in matters of citizenship. He has won success through hard work, earnest effort and persistency of purpose and is now one of the substantial agriculturists of the community.

His eldest son, Erik Egertson, was born in Norway, January 29, 1877, and was therefore a little lad of four years when his parents came to the new world. At the usual age he entered the district schools, in which he pursued his education until he reached the age of sixteen. He then began working for his father on the home farm and also followed carpentering until he reached the age of twenty-six. In the meantime, or when he had attained his majority, he purchased the west half of the southeast quarter of section 2, Twelve Mile Lake township, and
five years later he began farming upon that tract of land. He has since given his attention to general agricultural pursuits and has followed progressive methods in all that he has undertaken, transforming his place into a highly improved and productive farm.

In 1903 Erik Egertson was married to Miss Sophia Myhre, a daughter of Ole and Gunild (Brunweld) Myhre, of Center township, Emmet county. They have five children: Hagbert, Oswald, Ernest, Kermit and Lauritz. Erik Egertson has served as school director and, like his father, is interested in all those forces which tend to advance the welfare and progress of his community. At the same time he is, like his father, a representative agriculturist of his section of the county, leading a life of honorable activity fraught with good results.



ELLEF E. ELLEFSON

The northwest quarter of section 2, Twelve Mile Lake township, in Emmet county, is the farm property of Ellef E. Ellefson, a self-made man whose life indicates what may be accomplished through determined purpose and unfaltering industry. He was born in Hallingdal, Norway, December 2, 1869, a son of Ellef and Birgit (Knutson) Ellefson, who came to the United States when their son Ellef was a babe of but six months. They established their home in Emmet county in 1870 and the father purchased a homestead right covering the tract of land upon which the subject of this review now resides. There he engaged in farming for many years, becoming one of the active and repi'esentative agriculturists of his district as well as one of its substantial and valued citizens, for he took an active interest in public affairs and supported all movements that he believed would benefit the community. His fellow townsmen, appreciative of his worth, called him to serve in various township offices. He passed away in 1910, his remains being interred in Riverside cemetery, but his widow still survives and on the 18th of January, 1917, celebrated the eighty-seventh anniversary of her birth, being still in good health. In the family were but two children, the younger being a daughter, Anna, who is now the wife of Nels Michelson, of Twelve Mile Lake township. By, a former marriage the mother had a daughter, Gumil, who was the wife of Severt Severtson, of Twelve Mile Lake township, but is now deceased.

Reared in Emmet county, Ellef E. Ellefson of this review attended the district schools to the age of thirteen years and afterward gave his undivided attention to the work of the home farm until he reached the age of twenty. He then rented the home place for three years, after which he purchased the property, of which he is still the owner, so that it has been continuously in possession of the family for forty-seven years and his labors have largely converted it into the productive and valuable tract which it is today. In addition to the home farm Mr. Ellefson owns a house and lot in Wallingford on Fifteenth street, near Wall street.

In 1892 Mr. Ellefson was married to Miss Julia Michelson, a daughter of Michael and Anna (Olson) Michelsen, of Dickinson county, Iowa. Her father passed away and was laid to rest in Riverside cemetery, but the mother is now living with her son Nels. Mr. and Mrs. Ellefson have one son, Elmer Martinus. They are members of the United Norwegian Lutheran church, in the work of which they take an active and helpful interest, Mr. Ellefson serving as church treasurer for a number of years. His political endorsement is given to the republican party and he is now filling the office of township trustee. He has also been school director and he is interested in all that pertains to public progress in his community. He represents one of the old-time families of the county and his memory forms a cynnecting link between the primitive past and the progressive present. He has done much to promote agricultural development and his labors have been productive of good results.



Edward H. Ellerston
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EDWARD H. ELLERSTON

Many of the substantial citizens of Emmet county are of Norwegian birth or ancestry and possess the sterling traits of that hardy race, who have ever been characterized by industry and reliability. Among the number in Emmet county is Edward H. Ellerston, who was born in Chicago on the 14th of December, 1868, a son of Christian and Jennie (Jensen) Ellerston, who were natives of Norway. After coming to the new world the father became captain of a commission boat on Lake Michigan but later removed to Iowa and engaged in the milling business at Norway, Benton county, taking up his abode there when his son Edward was but a year old. He continued his residence there until about 1890, when he returned to the old country, where he died. Later his widow came to Estherville, where she is now living.

Edward H. Ellerston has practically been a lifelong resident of Iowa and in the district schools he pursued his education to the age of fifteen years. He worked at different vocations for ten years and when a young man of twenty-five years came to Emmet county, where he invested his savings in land, becoming the owner of the north half of section 25, Emmet township. He still owns this property, comprising three hundred and twenty acres of rich and productive land which he has carefully cultivated throughout all the intervening years, converting the tract into well tilled fields which are divided by well built fences. He has good buildings upon his farm and is leading a most busy life in the further cultivation of the land in the production of those cereals which are best adapted to soil and climate.

In 1893 Mr. Ellerston was joined in wedlock to Miss Mary Johnson, a daughter of John and Mary Johnson, of Norway, Iowa. Their four children, Irving, Ruby, Verna and Leona, are all attending the Estherville schools and reside with their paternal grandmother. In his political views Mr. Ellerston has always been a republican and is now filling the office of road superintendent. He belongs to the Episcopal church and his entire life is in harmony with his professions. He has ever been found honorable and upright and thoroughly reliable in his business connections, and those who know him entertain for him warm personal regard.



Arthur E. Erickson and Family
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ARTHUR EMANUEL ERICKSON

Estherville, with its varied and growing business enterprises, may well be proud of the one which Arthur E. Erickson has developed in its midst, for he is there conducting the finest photographic studio in northwestern Iowa. Familiar with all the latest processes and improvements of photography, his work ranks with the best to be found in the larger cities and at all times he keeps abreast with the highest standards of the art. A native of Illinois, he was born at Kensington, Chicago, May 23, 1885, his parents being Lars August and Johanna Mathilde Erickson, both of whom were natives of Orebro, Sweden. They became residents of Chicago in 1871 and the father was employed on the building of the foundation for the Pullman car shops at Pullman, Illinois, where he has worked continuously since. In 1917, however, he will be pensioned by the company as a recognizition of long, capable and faithful service. His wife died in 1900.

Arthur E. Erickson acquired his education in the West Pullman school, from which he was graduated on the 23d of June, 1899. He took up the study of photography and became a traveling photographer, in which connection he traversed the country from Canada to Texas. Continually he has progressed in his chosen field of labor and the excellence of his work has been the basis of his growing success until now he is owner of the finest photographic studio in northwestern Iowa. He has been located at Estherville since 1915, drawing his patronage from a wide territory.

On the 1st of October, 1913, at Linn Grove, Iowa, Mr. Erickson was united in marriage to Miss Mabel May Reese, her parents being Mr. and Mrs. Henry Reese, of that place. They now have a daughter, Enid. In his fraternal connections Mr. Erickson is a Mason and exemplifies in his life the beneficent spirit of the craft. He also belongs to the Photographers Association of America. He is ever actuated by laudable ambition and he has that keen interest and delight in his work which is always the basis of successful accomplishment.



THE ESPESET FAMILY

The name of Espeset has been well known in Emmet county and has been associated here with integrity, ability and public spirit for more than fifty years, or ever since the arrival within the county of Knute Espeset, who was one of the early settlers, coming in 1865. He was long prominent in business and political circles of the community. His attention was first given to farming and subsequently he engaged in the farm implement and hardware business, becoming one of the foremost as well as one of the early merchants of the county. He also figured prominently in connection with political interests and held the office of county sheriff and county treasurer.

His son, James Espeset, was a native of Allamakee county, but was reared upon the home farm near Estherville and in early manhood took up the profession of teaching. At one time he served as deputy county treasurer and was also deputy postmaster. Later he entered the employ of the Estherville State Bank, with which institution he was identified for a quarter of a century, being the cashier thereof at the time of his retirement in 1910. Since then he has devoted his attention to the abstract business. He married Edith Graves, who was born in Winneshiek county, Iowa, but was reared in Emmet county, having been brought to this county during her infancy by her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Howard Graves. Her father was one of the founders of Estherville and became the pioneer banker of this section of the state. Mrs. Espeset has always been prominent in church work and social activities and is a member of the P. E. O., the Eastern Star and the Daughters of the American Revolution.

From such ancestry comes Howard Espeset, a son of James Espeset, and fortunate is he that his lines of life have been cast in harmony with the untarnished family record. He was born in Estherville, April 2, 1882, and attended the Estherville public schools, being graduated from the high school with the class of 1898, after which he studied for a year at Parsons College in Fairfield, Iowa, and for three years in the State University of Iowa at Iowa City, being graduated from the latter institution in 1902, at which time the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy was conferred upon him. He then entered the field of banking and continued to occupy the position of assistant cashier of the Estherville State Bank until 1912. Since that time he has been engaged in the abstract business with the firm of Graves & Espeset. This firm was established by Howard Graves in an early day, and as the county records were burned in the courthouse fire of 1876, the only evidence of title to lands in Emmet county prior to that time is found in the old abstract books used by this firm. In 1910, in California, Mr. Espeset was joined in wedlock to Miss Marie Thomas, of Las Vegas, Nevada. Mrs. Espeset is interested in church activities and in women's club work. Mr. Espeset holds membership in the Presbyteran church and he is a member of the Masonic and Elks lodges at Estherville and of the Estherville Commercial Club. In politics he has always been a republican and for some time has been actively identified with the work of the party in Emmet county, but has never sought nor desired public office. He is interested in all that pertains to the welfare and upbuilding of city and county, however, and for a number of years was a member of the city library board. His influence is always on the side of progress and improvement and his entire career has been actuated by high and honorable purposes, his life measuring up to advanced standards of manhood and citizenship.



Kaspar Faltinson
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KASPAR FALTINSON

Kasper Faltinson, a well-known member of the bar at Armstrong, has served as postmaster since June, 1913, and has made a record which is highly creditable to his efficiency and fidelity to trust. A native of this state, he was born in Iowa county, September 10, 1864, and is a son of Faltin and Anna Maria Faltinson, both of whom were born near Stavanger, Norway. In 1855 they came to the United States and five years later took up their residence on a farm in Iowa county, where the father died in 1889. The mother still lives on the homestead. They were the parents of twelve children, of whom seven survive. After becoming a naturalized citizen the father supported the democratic party, casting his first vote for Stephen A. Douglas and taking an active part in local politics. Possessing the high regard for the individual and the strongly developed sense of personal independence characteristic of the Norwegian race, he hated a monarchial form of government and was heartily in sympathy with the ideals of the American democracy.

Kaspar Faltinson was given unusually good educational advantages, as after attending the public schools he was a student in the Iowa City Academy and the State University of Iowa, graduating from the law department of the latter institution in 1891. In 1893 he located in Armstrong for the practice of his profession and has since been a member of the local bar. He has demonstrated his ability to meet successfully the problems that arise in the preparation and trial of cases and has built up a representative clientage. From 1894 until 1908 he was also editor of the Armstrong Journal and since June, 1913, he has been postmaster. He has so discharged his duties as to win the commendation of the citizens of the town and in fact in all that he has done has proved highly capable.

On the 4th of June, 1899, Mr. Faltinson was married to Miss Lora Marie Haughton, who was born August 20, 1879, and is a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. L. R. Haughton. She is a granddaughter of Captain Hiram Haughton and a niece of Colonel Haughton, early settlers of Toledo, Ohio, and for many years prominent in business circles of that city and in state politics. When twelve years of age she accompanied her parents to Iowa and has since been a resident of this state.

Mr. Faltinson was reared in the Lutheran faith and has always taken a keen interest in those movements which make for righteousness. He has been a member of the Masonic order since 1894 and in 1895 and 1900 served as worthy master of Emmet Lodge No. 533, A. F. & A. M. He is one of the most prominent democrats of his section of the state, has been a delegate to every state convention of the party since 1894, was its candidate for congress in the tenth district in 1900 and four years later was a candidate for county attorney, while for six years he served as m.ayor of Armstrong and was also for six years a member of the city council.



George Felkey
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GEORGE FELKEY

George Felkey, who carried on agricultural pursuits in Armstrong Grove township, had a large acquaintance in Emmet county and his demise was deeply regretted. A native of Illinois, his birth occurred October 29, 1847, and he was a son of Daniel and Florinda Felkey, an account of whose lives appears in the sketch of H. J. Felkey elsewhere in this work.

George Felkey was reared under the parental roof and received his education in the schools of Illinois and Iowa, the family home having in the meantime been established in this state. After attaining his majority he rented land in Mitchell county, Iowa, for three years but in 1871 took up a homestead in Armstrong Grove township, Emmet county. In 1873 when there were but few settlers, in this section he began carrying the mail from Algona to Swan Lake and was so employed for six years and nine months. He also took advantage of the tree claim act, thus acquiring title to another eighty acres, and subsequently bought forty acres, making his holdings in all two hundred and eighty acres. He brought all of his land under cultivation, erected substantial buildings and otherwise improved his place. He was at once energetic and progressive and it was but natural that he should meet with success. For a number of years he was a director of the Farmers Mutual Insurance Company and was recognized as a man of business ability. He died after a long illness October 31, 1910, when sixty-three years of age.

In August, 1868, Mr. Felkey was married to Miss Mary Churchill, a daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Churchill, further mention of whom is made in the sketch of Charles S. Churchill elsewhere in this work. To Mr. and Mrs. Felkey were born eight children. Rose is the wife of F. M. Goldsberry, a farmer of Armstrong Grove township. Jesse J. is also a farmer of this township. John is a resident of Armstrong. Isabelle married Chris Peterson, a farmer of Lincoln township. Elmer, who is operating the home place, was married on the 14th of December, 1910, to Miss Addie Patterson, a daughter of John and Emma (Stewart) Patterson, of Kossuth county, Iowa, and has two children. Fay Leona and Ethel Fern. Mary is the wife of Chris M. Peterson, a farmer of Swan Lake township. Myrtle and Albert are both deceased. Mrs. Felkey still resides upon the home farm and has many warm friends throughout the county.

Mr. Felkey was an adherent of the republican party and held the offices of trustee and road supervisor. In religious faith he was a Presbyterian. Those who knew him intimately still hold his memory in honor, for he was a man of sterling worth and of many attractive personal qualities.



HARVEY J. FELKEY

Harvey J. Felkey, who is living practically retired in Armstrong, Emmet county, has been a factor in both the agricultural and commercial development of the county and is still financially interested in a number of local business concerns. He was born in Livingston county, Illinois, December 27, 1849, and is a son of Daniel and Florinda (Brooks) Felkey, natives, respectively, of Ohio and of Pennsylvania. They became early settlers of Livingston county, Illinois, and the father purchased land there which he farmed until 1862, when removal was made to Mitchell county, Iowa. After cultivating land there for several years he went to South Dakota, where he farmed for five years. He then came to Emmet county, Iowa, and bought land here, to the operation of which he devoted his time and attention until he removed to Armstrong, where he conducted a store during the remainder of his life, passing away in October, 1910. He was survived by his widow for only a short time, as her death occurred in February, 1911.

Harvey J. Felkey grew to maxlhood in Mitchell county, Iowa, and attended the public schools there in the acquirement of his education. After becoming of age he engaged in farming for two years in Mitchell county and in 1874 he arrived in Emmet county, Iowa, and purchased a farm in Armstrong Grove township. For more than a quarter of a century he engaged in the raising of grain and stock upon that place, but in March, 1900, removed to Armstrong and engaged in the clothing business there. After three years he disposed of that business and has since lived practically retired. He is, however, treasurer of the Farmers' Elevator Company and of the Armstrong Cement Company and is a director of the First National Bank of Armstrong.

On New Year's Day, 1872, Mr. Felkey was married to Miss Rebecca Godfrey, whose parents, Samuel and Matilda (Dickson) Godfrey, were natives, respectively, of Scotland and Ireland. They emigrated to America many years ago and after living for a time in New York went to Wisconsin, where the father purchased land from the government. In 1864 he went to Mitchell county, Iowa, and there resided until his death in 1880. The mother passed away three years later. Mr. and Mrs. Felkey have become the parents of four children: One who died in infancy; Lelah, who became the wife of C. A. Mathews and died February 29, 1916, at the age of thirty-nine years and ten months, leaving three children; Grace, Milo and Maynard; Roy B., who is farming in Armstrong Grove township; and Florence, the wife of J. V. Burkhead, a merchant of Armstrong.

Mr. Felkey is a trustee of Orange Grove township and has served in that capacity for twelve years, his long continuance in the office indicating the efficiency with which he discharges his duties. He has also held the office of school director. His political allegiance isigven to the republican party and his religious faith is that of the Presbyterian church, while fraternally he belongs to the Masonic order and the Eastern Star. He is a man of unusual energy and ability and is recognized as a leader in his community.



John Fox


JOHN FOX

Among the representative and progressive farmers of Armstrong Grove township is John Fox, who resides on section 27. He also owns land on section 22, that township, and on section 36, Swan Lake township. His birth occurred in Jasper county, Iowa, May 13, 1864, and he is a son of Robert and Rachel (Conn) Fox, who emigrated from Ireland to America many years ago and located in Jasper county, Iowa. There the father purchased land and during the remainder of his life engaged in agricultural pursuits there. He died in October, 1881, but the mother is still living at the age of eighty-five years.

John Fox was reared and educated in Jasper county, Iowa, and remained at home for several years after he attained his majority, relieving his father of the work of operating the farm. In December, 1890, however, he came to Emmet county county, Iowa, and bought one hundred and sixty acres on section 27, Armstrong Grove township, paying therefor ten dollars an acre. Something of the marvelous rapidity with which land values have advanced in this county is indicated in the fact that the same land would now sell for one hundred and fifty dollars an acre. He at once began bringing his land under cultivation and as the years have passed has continued its development. He has also added to his holdings from time to time and now owns an addition to his home place eighty acres across the road on section 22 and one hundred and sixty acres on section 36, Swan Lake township. He operates all his land and his annual income is an enviable one. He has found stock raising especially profitable and feeds about four carloads of cattle per year and ships ten carloads of hogs. He engages to some extent in the business of buying and selling hogs and cattle.

On the 23rd of September, 1894, occurred the marriage of Mr. Fox and Miss Ella Dundas, a daughter of David and Harriett (Churchill) Dundas, an account of whose lives appeared in the sketch of David Dundas elsewhere in this work. Mr. and Mrs. Fox have become the parents of four children, Lloyd S., Vernon, Florence, and one who died in infancy.

Mr. Fox is much interested in affairs pertaining to the general welfare and can always be counted upon to further worthy public projects. His religious faith is that of the Methodist church and in all relations of life he has held to high standards of conduct.



PETER A. GAARDE

Much of the success which has characterized the history of the Farmers Mutual Insurance Company is due to the efficiency of its secretary, Peter A. Gaarde, of Armstrong. He was born in Denmark in September, 1877, and his parents, Anderson N. and Mary (Hansen) Gaarde, were likewise natives of that country. About 1880 the family emigrated to the United States and after residing for two years in the vicinity of Clinton, Iowa, removed to Emmet county, where the father purchased land in Denmark township. He engaged in farming there until his wife's death in September, 1887, when he sold out. From that time until his demise, which occurred on the 13th of July, 1907, he made his home with his children.

Peter A. Gaarde was but five years old when the family located in Denmark township, Emmet county, and his early education was therefore acquired in the district schools there. Later he was for a time a student at Sioux City, Iowa. When but thirteen years old he went to work and at the age of twenty years he purchased land in Denmark township which he operated for about sixteen years. Subsequently he conducted a furniture store in Ringsted for one year, after which he clerked for a year. He then returned to the farm, but in 1915 took up his residence in Armstrong, where he has since remained. He is devoting much of his time and attention to his duties as secretary of the Farmers Mutual Insurance Company, a local organization, which has built up a large business. He also looks after his farming interests as he still owns three hundred and twenty acres in Denmark township and two hundred and forty acres in Iowa Lake township.

On New Year's Day, 1908, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Gaarde and Miss Myna Churchill and they have become the parents of five children, Arnold, Fern, Bernetta, Earl and Grace. A careful study of social and political conditions has led Mr. Gaarde to support the socialist party and he keeps well informed concerning the questions and issues of the day. He belongs to the Modern Woodmen of America lodge and is also a member of the Lutheran church. He has a wide acquaintance throughout the county and his genuine worth is attested by the fact that those who have known him the most intimately are his staunchest friends.



WILLIAM P. GALLOWAY, D.D.S.

Dr. William P. Galloway, ex-mayor of Estherville and one of the leading dentists of that city, is one of Iowa's native sons, having been born in Union on the 26th of December, 1861, a son of John and Lydia (Haas) Galloway, both of whom were natives of Ohio. He was the third in order of birth in their family of twelve children, two of whom died in infancy. In early life the father followed the cooper's trade but later engaged in farming and spent his last years in retirement at Marshalltown, Iowa, where he passed away October 6, 1913. His widow is still living there. In 1906 they celebrated their golden wedding.

Dr. Galloway began his education in the district schools near his boyhood home and subsequently attended the high school at Union, Iowa, and completed a commercial course in the college at Valparaiso, Indiana, from which he was graduated in 1883. For one year he was engaged as bookkeeper in a general store and bank at Melbourne, Iowa, and for three years taught school in Hardin county, this state.

On the 27th of August, 1885, Dr. Galloway was united in marriage to Miss Belle Northam, whose parents were residents of Indiana. To this union two children were born: Vera, who is now Mrs. P. J. Christensen, of Spirit Lake; and J. Carlton, who is a graduate of the Iowa State Agricultural College at Ames and is now principal of the high school at Sanburn, Iowa. He is also married.

For one year after his marriage Dr. Galloway was principal of the public schools of New Providence, Iowa, while his wife had charge of the primary department. The following year he accepted a position in the auditor's office of the Minneapolis & St. Louis Railroad at Marshalltown, where he remained for five years, during which time he was promoted to chief clerk in the ticket auditing department and served as such one year. For a short time he studied dentistry under Drs. Billings & Whinnery, of Marshallown, and for two years continued his studies in the University of Iowa. He was then given a permit to practice, receiving the highest marking ever received by an undergraduate student applying for a permanent perrrrit. He bought a practice in Union, Iowa, where he remained until 1895, and then sold out in order to enter the Philadelphia College of Dentistry, from which he received his degree of D.D.S. m 1896. The Doctor then reentered practice at Marshalltown, remaining
there until coming to Estherville in 1900. Here he practiced in partnership with his brother, Dr. C. C. Galloway, now of Washington, D.C, until 1904, when he purchased his brother's interest in the business and has since been alone. He has met with good success in his chosen profession and is regarded as one of the foremost dentists of this part of the state.

The republican party has always found in Dr. Galloway a staunch supporter of its principles and he has been called upon to fill official positions of honor and trust. He was a member of the city council of Estherville from 1903 to 1905, inclusive, and served as mayor of the city in 1906 and 1907. During his administration the city water plant was purchased and the deep well system superseded the old river system, which was a decided improvement. The Doctor labored untiringly for the interests of the city and never withheld his support from any measure which he believed would prove of public benefit. He is a member of the Presbyterian church and is past master of the Masonic blue lodge at Estherville and past noble grand of the Odd Fellows lodge. He is now serving as president of the Commercial Club and in this capacity is prominently identified with the upbuilding and development of the city.


THOMAS V. GAMMELGAARD

Thomas V. Gammelgaard, deceased, was an honored citizen of Emmet county, his home being on section 21, Denmark township, where his family still reside. Of Danish descent, he was born in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, and there he was reared and educated. His parents, who are also deceased, never came to the United States. In their family were only two children, a son and daughter, and the latter is still a resident of Denmark.

Mr. Gammelgaard, of this review, served for three years in the Danish army, and at the age of twenty-five years came alone to America, believing that here he could better his financial condition. He first located in Clinton county, Iowa, but a year later removed to Humboldt county, this state, where he worked as a farm hand for a time. In 1894 he became a resident of Denmark township, Emmet county, where he engaged in farming upon rented land for six years, and in 1900 purchased the west half of the southwest quarter of section 21, where he continued to follow farming with good results until his death, which occurred June 30, 1907. His remains were interred in St. John's cemetery.

In 1897 Mr. Gammelgaard married Miss Laura Petersen, whose parents died in Clinton, Iowa, when she was quite small, and she was adopted by P. L. and Christina Petersen, now living retired in Ringsted. To Mr. and Mrs. Gammelgaard were born four children: Alfred, Myrtle, Edward and Emil, all at home. By a former marriage Mr. Gammelgaard had one son, Chris, who is now engaged in farming near Rutland, Iowa.

Mr. Gammelgaard cast his ballot with the democratic party and acceptably served as school director in his district. He was an earnest and consistent member of St. John's Lutheran church, and also held membership in the Danish Brotherhood, the Modern Woodmen of America and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He was one of the highly esteemed citizens of his community and had the confidence and respect of all who knew him.




GUSTAV GILBERT

Gustav Gilbert, whose well improved farm on section 10, Twelve Mile Lake township, gives evidence of the careful supervision and progressive methods of the owner, is numbered among Iowa's native sons, his birth having occurred in Fayette county on the 20th of February, 1869. His parents, Ingebret and Emily Gilbert, were natives of Norway and in early life the father followed the occupation of farming, while later he turned his attention to merchandising in Elgin, Iowa. In 1878 he became a resident of Emmet county and purchased a farm in Ellsworth township, comprising the south half of the southeast quarter of section 30. There he continued to devote his attention to general
agricultural pursuits until the last ten years of his life, which were spent in honorable retirement from labor. He died at the home of his son Gustav in 1908, having for six years survived his wife, who passed away in 1902. The family was well known in this county and Mr. Gilbert served as township clerk and was also a school director for a number of years. To him and his wife were born ten children, of whom five are yet living.

Gustav Gilbert of this review spent his youthful days like the other children of the household, dividing his time between the acquirement of a public school education and such tasks as were assigned him by parental authority. He continued to work for his father until after he had attained his majority and gained broad and valuable practical experience in that connection. He afterward rented land from his father for five years and eventually he purchased the south half of the northeast quarter of section 10, Twelve Mile Lake township, and is now the owner of an excellent farm of eighty acres. He carefully and persistently tills his fields, which return to him golden harvests as a reward for the labor which he bestows upon them. In addition to tilling the soil in the production of crops best adapted to climatic conditions here he is engaged in the raising of thoroughbred shorthorn cattle. His farm is splendidly improved with all modern equipments and his success is indeed the legitimate reward of his labor.

On the 27th day of September, 1894, Mr. Gilbert was married to Miss Barbara Sando and they have become the parents of seven children: Alma, who is in the city clerk's office in Estherville; Frithjof, who is attending the Jewell Lutheran College at Jewell, Iowa; and Viola, Luella, Odena, Rudolph and Margaret, all at home.

The religious faith of the parents is that of the Norwegian Lutheran church and politically Mr. Gilbert maintains an independent course, supporting men and measures rather than party. He has been township assessor for the past four years, was township clerk for eight years and for four years occupied that position in Ellsworth township. He is never neglectful of the duties of citizenship and always faithfully performs every public service entrusted to him. He has many genuinely fine qualities and he is a representative of that class of successful agriculturists who have done much for the upbuilding of the state.



W. G. GORDON

One of the valuable and highly improved farms of Emmet county is the property of W. G. Gordon and comprises two hundred and eighty-one acres on section 33, Center township, on which he took up his abode in 1915. He was born in Forest county, Pennsylvania, May 23, 1870, his parents being Alexander and Mary (McBride) Gordon, both of whom were natives of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania. There they were married and later they became residents of Elkhart county, Indiana. They had a family of eight children, of whom six are now living. In the year 1882 the father came to Emmet county, Iowa, which was then largely an unsettled and unimproved district, and purchased a large tract of land at four dollars per acre. He afterward gave to his son, W. G. Gordon, part of the farm which he now owns. He died at Elkhart, Indiana, in August, 1904.

W. G. Gordon was reared in the Hoosier state and completed his education at Notre Dame University. He lived with his parents until he reached adult age arid then removed to Oregon, settling near Medford. For seven years he devoted his time and attention to the developmnt of a fruit farm in that district and was quite successful in its conduct. In 1915 he came to Iowa and established his home in Emmet county upon the farm on section 33, Center township, where he now resides. This is an excellent tract of land, naturally rich and productive, and the fields respond readily to the care and labor which he bestows upon them. The farm methods which he employs are most progressive and in all that he undertakes he is systematic and persistent.

In 1894 Mr. Gordon was united in marriage to Miss Florence Throop, a native of Indiana and a daughter of Samuel B. and Helen F. (Evans) Throop. The father is a native of Canada and the mother of Indiana and they are still living in the Hoosier state. They became parents of three children, all of whom survive. Mr. and Mrs. Gordon have a daughter and son, Margaret H., and Howard T.

Mr. Gordon is a stalwart champion of republican principles but has never been an office seeker. He belongs to the Masonic lodge at Celina, Ohio, and he and his wife are members of the Eastern Star. They also attend the Presbyterian church and their genuine worth entitles them to the high regard in which they are uniformly held. While residents of Emmet county for but a brief period, they have already become quite widely known and their circle of friends is constantly increasing as their circle of acquaintance broadens. Mr. Gordon has proven himself a capable business man and his genuine worth is seen in many other ways.


GEORGE L. GORTON

George L. Gorton, who follows farming on section 13, Estherville township, Emmet county, is one of Iowa's native sons, his birth occurring in Linn county, March 23, 1871, and he is the seventh in a family of ten children. His parents, Foster E. and Lucy (Herrick) Gorton, were born in New York and Ohio respectively and at an early day came to Iowa. It was in 1894 that they became residents of Estherville township, Emmet county, where the father purchased the southwest quarter of section 13, on which our subject now resides.

At the usual age George L. Gorton began his education in the district schools near his home, and he continued his studies until sixteen years of age. He then gave his father the benefit of his services until twenty-five, when he took charge of the home place and cared for his parents until they were called to the world beyond, the father dying in 1910 and the mother in 1909. They were buried in Oak Hill cemetery near Estherville. George L. Gorton still lives on the homestead and in his farming operations has met with well merited success, being regarded as one of the substantial citizens of his community.

In 1901 Mr. Gorton was united in marriage to Miss Katherine Frank, a daughter of Henry and Katherine Frank, who came to this country from Germany in early life, the former settling in Emmet county, Iowa, and the latter in Dickinson county. Mr. Frank has passed away and is buried in Estherville, but his .wife is still living and makes her home in tliat city. Mr. and Mrs. Gorton have two children, Ruth and Esther.

Since attaining his majority Mr. Gorton has affiliated with the republican party and for a number of years he efficiently served as township trustee. In religious faith he is a Methodist. He is a man of good business ability and as he thoroughly understands the occupation which he follows, is progressive and energetic, he has met with success in his farming operations and is today quite well-to-do.



HOWARD GRAVES

Howard Graves, who for fifty-three years remained one of the distinguished and eminent citizens of Emmet county, honored by all who knew him, took active part in promoting public progress and improvement along many lines from the period of pioneer development down to the time of present-day progress and prosperity. So closely was he connected with the county that his life history will be of the deepest interest to many of our readers. He was a native of St. Lawrence county, New York, and a son of Gaylord Graves, who removed with his family to Wisconsin, where he took active part in public affairs, becoming a member of the territorial legislature and afterward serving as a member of the state legislature. In the early days of Emmet county, Iowa, he came here with his son, Howard Graves, and was one of the grantors of the original plat of Estherville.

When the work of progress and improvement had scarcely been begun in Emmet county, Howard Graves took up his abode here. From that time forward the part which he played in the development of the county was a very important one. For twenty years he served as postmaster of Estherville and he was also a member of the city council, in which connection he gave earnest consideration to the questions that came up for settlement regarding municipal welfare. He also filled most of the county offices and in 1866 he was elected to represent his district in the Iowa general assembly. His was indeed a useful career and at all times he was found fearless in conduct and stainless in reputation.

Mr. Graves was closely connected with business interests in Emmet county as a banker. In 1871 he founded the first banking house within the borders of the county. This was originally a private bank and afterward became the Estherville State Bank, of which Mr. Graves was chosen president, so continuing until the year of his death, 1913. He was actively engaged in its conduct and management from the time of its establishment until his demise.

Mr. Graves was united in marriage to Miss Mary Louise Blackman, a native of Connecticut. She came to Emmet county with him and together they endured the hardships of pioneer life. She was a woman of strong character and kindly spirit and her benevolence and hospitality were noteworthy. Her activity in church and social circles was continued until her death in 1902. Mr. Graves was characterized as a man of kindly disposition and of simple life and tastes. He possessed keen judgment and was always governed by the most rigid honesty and integrity. His generosity and charity were well known to all those with whom he came in contact. The familiar face and figure of Howard Graves will never be forgotten by those who have resided here nor by those who have come and gone in the long period during which Emmet county has developed from an unpeopled prairie into a prosperous and populous section of the state.



PAUL H. GRAVES

Paul H. Graves, engaged in the grain and coal trade at Gruver and identified with farming interests in Center township, Emmet county, was born in La Salle county, Illinois, March 24, 1889, a son of W. A. and Ida Graves, both of whom are natives of La Salle county, where the father engaged in business as a lumber dealer. There he and his wife still make their home. In their family were five children who are yet living, and one of the daughters, Gertrude, now the wife of M. H. Wilkinson, is a resident of Ellsworth township, Emmet county.

Paul H. Graves spent the days of his boyhood and youth in La Salle county, Illinois, and he supplemented his early education, acquired in the common schools, by two years' study in Knox College at Galesburg, Illinois. In 1908 he arrived in Emmet county, Iowa, where he worked for his grandfather, P. H. Graves, upon the home farm for a year. He then became manager of the Henry Rippe Grain Company at Gruver and has since been continuously identified with the business enterprise and commercial upbuilding of that town. Later he engaged in the implement trade on his own account, continuing his activity along that line until 1913, when he built an elevator at Gruver which he has since operated. In addition to buying grain he also sells coal, and he has a good patronage in both branches of his business. He also owns one hundred and sixty acres of land on section 15, Center township, constituting the southwest quarter of the section. His elevator and his farm are the visible evidences of a life of well directed energy and thrift.

In 1908 Mr. Graves was united in marriage to Miss Mae Hoff, a daughter of Chris and Rachel Hoff, of Traer, Iowa, who are still living. Mr. and Mrs. Graves have become parents of three children: Russell, Geraldine and Myron. Mr. Graves is a member of North Star Lodge, No. 447, F. & A. M., of Estherville, and in his life exemplifies the beneficent spirit upon which the order is based. He and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian church and are most loyal to its teachings. In politics he is a republican and is serving on the council at Gruver. He cooperates heartily in all plans and movements for the upbuilding of his town, his county and his state and he stands as a high type of American manhood and chivalry.



C. G. Guge
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C. G. GUGE

The year 1890 witnessed the arrival of C. G. Guge in Emmet county, where he has since made his home. He is today the owner of an excellent farm in Emmet township, which he has improved according to modern, progressive ideas. He has always made good use of his time and opportunities since starting out in life for himself when eighteen years of age. He was born in Germany, January 21, 1851, and was there reared and educated, remaining in that country until he reached the age of eighteen years, when he bade adieu to friends and native land and sailed for America. He first located in Ohio, where he worked at the shoemaker's trade for three years and on the expiration of that period he became a resident of Nebraska, where he engaged in the cultivation of a rented farm for four years. In 1890 he removed to Emmet county, Iowa, and bought the farm upon which he now makes his home, an excellent tract of land in Emmet township which he has converted into rich and arable fields, annually gathering therefrom substantial harvests of the grains best adapted to soil and climatic conditions here. He has improved his place with fine buildings and in addition to an attractive residence has large barns and outbuildings which furnish ample shelter for grain and stock. He has also planted an extensive orchard and has large and small fruits of all kinds. He makes a specialty of stock raising, which constitutes an important branch of his business.

In January, 1883, Mr. Guge was married to Miss Marie Schafer, also a native of Germany, and in the passing years eleven children have been born to them: Paulina, now deceased; Ernest G.; Carolina S., the wife of J. Herbronson; Katie, the wife of Claude Jackman, of Minnesota; Marie, the wife of Albert Aasby, of Minnesota; Carl J.; William; John, Louisa; Lawrence; and Martin.

The parents are members of the Lutheran church and are people of genuine personal worth, enjoying the high regard of all with whom they come in contact. Mr. Guge is a republican and has filled a number of local offices, serving as road supervisor, as township trustee and as school director for a number of years. Laudable ambition prompted Mr. and Mrs. Guge to come to the new world. They felt that they might have better business opportunities on this side the Atlantic and they have here made good use of their chances, Mr. Guge carefully and persistently carrying on his business affairs, while his wife has wisely managed the interests of the household and thus ably rounded out and supplemented the labors of her husband. Both are well known in the community where they make their home and their genuine worth has gained for tliem many friends.



MRS. SARAH GUNDERSON

Mrs. Sarah Gunderson is well known in Emmett County, where she has long resided, her home being now on section 12, in Twelve Mile Lake township. She is the widow of Andrew Gunderson and is a native of Columbia County, Wisconsin. Her parents were Knut and Olive (Isaacson) Knutson, who were natives of Norway, and her father made farming his life work. Coming to the new world, he established his home in Wisconsin and was there residing at the time of the outbreak of the Civil War. Responding to the country's call for military aid, he joined Company A of the Second Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry and went to the front, serving until honorably discharged on account of illness. He never recovered his health and died three years after leaving the army. He had three sons who were also in the service: John, who was wounded while at the front but recovered; Thomas, who was killed, thus laying down his life on the altar on his country, and Isaac, who died from illness in a hospital during his term of service.

Mrs. Gunderson spent her girlhood in her native state, was confirmed in Iowa and pursued her education in a Norwegian school in Wisconsin. When eighteen years of age she gave her hand in marriage to Andrew Gunderson and two years later they left Wisconsin for Iowa, taking up their abode in Twelve Mile Lake township, Emmet County. Mr. Gunderson purchased the northwest quarter of section 12 and later the northeast quarter of section 11, but afterward forty acres of the farm was sold to his brother, L. L. Gunderson. Andrew Gunderson was born in Norway, June 1, 1843, a son of Louis and Lena Gunderson, the former a shoemaker by trade. The son attended the common schools of his native country and when eighteen years of age came to America with his parents, the family home being established in Dane County, Wisconsin. The father followed shoemaking in Lodi, Wisconsin, and there he and his wife remained until called to their final rest. Their family numbered four sons and three daughters. Andrew Gunderson became familiar with the trade of shoemaking and worked with his father up to the time of his marriage. He then started out independently and, as previously indicated, became interested in farming in Emmet County, securing a tract of land which he converted into rich and productive fields. He annually gathered golden harvests as a reward for the care and labor which he bestowed upon his place and became recognized as one of the foremost agriculturists of his district.

To Mr. and Mrs. Gunderson were born eleven children, of whom nine are yet living. The eldest, Lena, became the wife of George Wigdahl and died in 1896, leaving her husband, who is now a resident of Colton, South Dakota, and two children: Oberner, a resident of Chicago, and Lawrence, also of Colton, South Dakota. The second child of the family was George Leland, who died in infancy. The others of the household are: Olive, the wife of Henry Beucus, of Monee, Illinois; Louise, who married Otley R. Westfall, of Chicago; Hans, who married Bertha Ellingbo and is now living with his mother, for whom he cultivates the home farm; Knut, at home; Ellen, the wife of John Christman, of Chicago; Emma, the wife of Clay Foley, of Chicago; Andrew, who married Ada Waldo and is living in Monee, Illinois; and Hazel and Alma, both residing in Chicago.

The death of the husband and father occurred December 11, 1894, and he was laid to rest in Riverside cemetery at Wallingford. He served as a member of the school board in Twelve Mile Lake township and was much interested in the cause of education, recognizing the fact that the public school system is one of the bulwarks of the nation. He voted with the Republican party but was never an aspirant for oflice. His religious faith was that of the Norwegian Lutheran Church. He won material success in life through his indefatigable industry and perseverance and at his death he left to his family not only a comfortable competence but also the priceless heritage of an untarnished name. Mrs. Gunderson, surviving him, is numbered among the old-time residents of the county, having long made her home here, so that she is familiar with the history of its development from pioneer days to the present.



GEORGE T. HAAHR

George T. Haahr, of Denmark township, has gained a competence through unrelaxing attention to his work as a farmer and through the practice of thrift. His birth occurred in Denmark, August 25, 1875, and he is one of seven children born to Knud and Christiana (Andersen) Haahr. The mother passed away in 1884 in Audubon county, Iowa, where the family had located upon their emigration to the United States in 1883. The father subsequently married again, choosing as his second wife Karen Mikkelsen, by whom he had eight children. He purchased a farm in Audubon county, but after living there for seven years removed to Buena Vista county, whence after two years he went to Larimore. North Dakota, where he and his wife are still living.

George T. Haahr attended the district schools for a time in Audubon county, but as soon as he was old enough began working as a farm hand. When twenty-six years of age he rented a farm in Buena Vista county which he operated for two years. Since the spring of 1905 he has resided in Denmark township, Emmet county, and after farming the northwest quarter of section 11 for three years under lease he purchased the place, which he is still operating. The farm is well improved and everything is kept in first-class condition, thus facilitating the work of caring for the crops and livestock. Mr. Haahr was for some time a director of both the Denmark Creamery and the Farmers' elevator and is accounted one of the substantial men of his township.

On the 2nd of October, 1901, he was united in marriage to Miss Kate M. Christiansen, a daughter of Christopher and Karen M. (Nelsen) Christiansen, who located in Blackhawk county, Jowa, on removing from their native Denmark to the United States. They resided in that county for eighteen years and subsequently lived for a considerable period in Buena Vista county, but at length took up their residence in Denmark township, Emmet county, where the father died. He is buried in St. John's cemetery. The mother survives and makes her home with her children in Denmark township. Five children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Haahr, as follows: Earl, deceased; Orvil Eugene, Earlys Ardell, Marion Thorlund, and Lavinia Christiansen.

Mr. Haahr supports the Democratic party where national issues are at stake, but at local elections votes for the candidates whom he deems best fitted to fill the office without regard to their party affiliation. He is identified with the Danish Brotherhood and his religious faith is indicated by his membership in St. John's Danish Lutheran church. He began his independent career with no assets save his knowledge of farm work, his energy and his determination to succeed, and with these as a foundation he has builded well, gaining financial success and the unqualified respect of all who know him.



H. C. HANSEN

H. C. Hansen, who owns and operates a fine farm of one hundred and twenty acres on section 21, Denmark township, Emmet county, comes of a good old Danish family, his birth occurring in Denmark, June 12, 1858. He is a son of Mads P. and Karen Marie (Jensen) Hansen, in whose family were eight children. In 1880 they crossed the ocean and took up their residence in Story county, Iowa, where they lived for five years, and then settled on a farm in Palo Alto county, just across the line from Denmark township, Emmet county. Both parents have now passed away and are buried in St. John's cemetery.

H. C. Hansen was reared and educated in his native land, being twenty-two years of age when the family came to the new world. Coming to Iowa he worked as a farm hand in this state for ten years and has since engaged in agricultural pursuits on his own account. After his marriage he purchased one hundred and twenty acres of land on section 2, Independence township, Palo Alto county, and continued its improvement and cultivation until 1900, when he purchased his present farm on section 21, Denmark township, Emmet county, which also consists of one hundred and twenty acres. In connection with general farming he is raising registered Hereford cattle and finds that branch of his business quite profitable.

In 1890 Mr. Hansen was united in marriage to Miss Ellen C. Petersen, a daughter of Eric Petersen, of Muskegon county, Michigan, where he had homesteaded and where he continued to reside until his death in 1915. She lost her mother when quite small. Of the seven children born to Mr. and Mrs. Hansen two died in infancy, the others being Anna, Carrie, Ruth, Eric and Julius, all at home. They hold membership in St. Paul's Lutheran church, and Mr. Hansen is a republican in politics, taking a deep and commendable interest in public affairs.



LARS HANSEN

Lars Hansen, who was one of the progressive and successful farmers of Denmark township, was a splendid representative of the excellent citizens whom Denmark has given to Emmet county. He was born in that country October 9, 1849, and was one of a family of seven children whose parents were Hans and Anna Marie Larsen. The father was a small farmer in Denmark and there both he and the mother spent their entire lives.

Lars Hansen received his education in the schools of his native country and remained there until 1872, when at the age of about twenty-three years he crossed the Atlantic to the United States and continued his journey westward to Clinton, Iowa. After working on a railroad there for a time he went to the vicinity of Cedar Falls and purchased a farm, which he operated until 1882. In that year he came to Denmark township, Emmet county, which was just being settled, and purchased the south half of the southwest quarter of section 27. That farm remained his place of residence throughout the rest of his life and as the years passed he brought it to a high state of cultivation. He concentrated his attention upon his farm work and as a result received a gratifying income from his land. On the 13th of August, 1896, he met an accidental death and is buried in St. John's cemetery.

In 1882 Mr. Hansen was united in marriage to Miss Maren Eskelund, whose parents spent their entire lives in Denmark. Mr. and Mrs. Hansen had six children: Lena, now Mrs. Hans C. Christiansen, of Denmark township; Anna, the wife of Peter Johansen, of Denmark township; J. E., who is married and is a banker of Crystal Lake, Iowa; Emma and Carl, both at home; and William, who is married and resides in Ringsted.

The democratic party received the support of Mr. Hansen but his political activity was confined to the exercise of his right of franchise. He served, however, as school director for seven years and had much at heart the educational advancement of his community. His religious faith was indicated by his membership in St. John's Danish Lutheran church. His untimely death deprived his family of a loving husband and father and his community of a citizen whose support could always be counted upon for the furtherance of all worthy projects.



RASMUS HANSEN

For six years Rasmus Hansen was actively identified with the commercial interests of Emmet county as one of the leading business men of Ringsted but now devotes his time and attention to agricultural pursuits, owning and operating a fine farm on section 30, Denmark township. He was born on the 27th of March, 1865, in Denmark, and is the fourth in order of birth in a family of eight children whose parents were Mads P. and Karen Marie (Jensen) Hansen. The first fifteen years of his life were spent in his native land and he then accompanied the family on their emigration to the new world. It was in 1880 that they arrived in Story City, Iowa, and the father pui'chased a farm in Story county, which he operated for five years. In 1885 he removed with his family to Palo Alto county, locating just across the line from Denmark township, Emmet county, and the farm which he there secured he improved and cultivated for a number of years. At length his son Rasmus purchased the place and cared for his parents until death. The father passed away on the 31st of December, 1898, and the mother died January 18, 1916, both being laid to rest in St. John's cemetery.

During his boyhood and youth Rasmus Hansen became thoroughly familiar with the best methods of carrying on agricultural pursuits and he followed farming until 1900, when he embarked in the hardware business at Ringsted and continued operations along that line for three years. During the following three years he was engaged in the coal and feed business at that place, but in 1906 resumed farming, purchasing the southwest quarter of section 30, Denmark township, Emmet county, where he now resides. He has drained the land and made many substantial improvements thereon, converting it into one of the best farms of the locality. He raises high grade Holstein cattle and also hogs, keeping
registered boars for that purpose.

In 1893 Mr. Hansen married Miss Johanna Marie Madsen, a daughter of Jens P. and Maren Madsen, who were lifelong residents of Denmark. Mr. and Mrs. Hansen have four children: Carrie, Sine, Minnie and August. The family are communicants of St. Paul's Lutheran church and Mr. Hansen is identified with the democratic party. He assisted in the incorporation of the town of Ringsted and served on the council two years. He takes an active and commendable interest in public affairs and never withholds his support from any enterprise which he believes calculated to promote the moral, educational or material welfare
of his community. He is a straightforward and reliable business man and well merits any trust reposed in him.



JOHN HANSON

The record of John Hanson, who owns four hundred and forty acres of the finest land in Emmet county, is one that should prove very stimulating to young men just beginning their independent career as when he arrived in the United States he was not only a stranger to the customs of the country but was also handicapped by lack of capital. However, he possessed in large measure the determination and energy characteristic of the Norwegian race and the exercise of these qualities has brought him to his present notable position as one of the leading farmers in this prosperous agricultural county. He raises stock on an extensive scale, specializing in the feeding of sheep for the market.

Mr. Hanson was born in Norway on the 19th of December, 1870, and is one of the four surviving children of a family of five whose parents were Hans and Bertha Hanson, lifelong residents of the land of the midnight sun. He attended the schools of his native country in the acquirement of an education but in 1889, when nineteen years of age, emigrated to America, making his way to Grundy county, Illinois, where for eight years he worked as a farm hand. He next rented land in Webster county, Iowa, for six years but in 1903 removed to Emmet county and bought one hundred and forty-six acres on section 18, Center township. Three years later he sold that place and for two years cultivated rented land but at the end of that time purchased a farm in High Lake township, on which he resided for a year. He then disposed of that property and purchased land in Webster county which he cultivated for three years. Upon selling that farm he came again to Emmet county and bought his present place, comprising four hundred and forty acres on section 26, Center township. He has erected a number of substantial and up-to-date buildings and has otherwise improved his place, which is one of the model farms of the township. He raises all kinds of stock but pays particular attention to feeding sheep, having a thousand head upon the farm during the winter of 1916-17.

Mr. Hanson, was married in 1897 to Miss Martha Larson, a native of Webster county, Iowa, and a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Larson, the latter of whom is deceased. To the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Hanson have been born nine children, namely, Belle S., Tillie H., Clarence J., Ernest, Lawrence, Clifford, Melvin, Lester and Genevieve.

Mr. Hanson is an adherent of the republican party and has always taken the interest in public affairs incumbent upon an American citizen but has not been an aspirant for political office. However, he has served his district as school director. Both he and his wife are communicants of the Lutheran church and are factors in the advancement of its work.



NELS HANSON

Nels Hanson has never had occasion to regret his choice of farming as a life work, for he has met with gratifying success in the cultivation of his land on section 9, Iowa Lake township. He was born in Norway, June 12, 1852, a son of Nels and Annie (Larson) Hanson, also natives of that country, where the father engaged in farming and fishing. He died there in 1878 and the demise of his wife occurred nineteen years previously, or in 1859.

Mr. Hanson was reared under the parental roof and attended the public schools in the acquirement of his education. When eighteen years old he came to America and for some time was in the employ of farmers in Polk county, Iowa. He next rented land in Hamilton county, this state, for six years, and in 1887 came to Emmet county, Iowa, where he has since resided. He operated rented land near Estherville for four years, but in 1891 purchased his present place, which comprises eighty acres on section 9, Iowa Lake township. He has improved the place in various ways and during the twenty-six years that he has engaged in its operation has seldom failed to harvest good crops. He has also derived a gratifying profit from his stock raising interests.

On the 12th of February, 1878, Mr. Hanson was married to Miss Christine M. Stenerson and they became the parents of the following children: Annie; Nels, who died in 1881; Martha, now the wife of Fred W. Cheever; Lewis; Jennie; Hannah; Clarence; Hazel; Sanford; and Grace. In August, 1900, the wife and mother passed away and on the 3d of March, 1905, Mr. Hanson married Mrs. Sarah (Stenerson) Watland, a sister of his first wife and the widow of Jolin Watland. By her marriage to Mr. Watland, who died in June, 1903, she had eleven children, two of whom died in infancy, the others being: Joseph, John, Edith M. and Martin, all of whom are also now deceased; and Edward, Jennie, Ollie, Eli and Irene, all of whom survive.

The republican party receives the loyal support of Mr. Hanson and his keen interest in affairs concerning the public welfare is indicated by the fact that for ten years he has served as a member of the school board. In religious faith he is a Lutheran. He has found in the United States the opportunities for advancement which he sought and has been prompt and energetic in their utilization, thus gaining a place among the substantial men of his locality.


T. M. HANSON

An excellent farm of one hundred and sixty acres situated on section 25, Swan Lake township, is the property of T. M. Hanson and pays to him substantial tribute for the care and labor which he bestows upon the fields. He was born in Norway, November 25, 1867, a son of Mons and Johanna (Hatteberg) Hanson, both of whom were natives of Norway. Coming to America in 1869, they settled first in Kendall county, Illinois, taking up their abode upon a farm whereon they resided for seven years. They afterward became residents of Ford county, Illinois, and there resided for twelve years, after which they came to Iowa, establishing their home in Emmet county, where their remaining days were passed. They had a family of six children, of whom five are now living.

T. M. Hanson was reared and educated in Illinois, having been less than two years of age when brought by his parents to the new world. He left home at the age of nineteen and began earning his own living as a farm hand, being employed in that way for about seven years. He afterward came to Emmet county, Iowa, and invested the money which he had saved from his earnings in one hundred and sixty acres of land on section 25, Swan Lake township, which he has improved. He has made a specialty of raising hogs and that branch of his business adds materially to his income.

In 1911 Mr. Hanson was united in marriage to Mrs. Rachel (Thompson) Wetterhus and to them was born a daughter, Johanna Elmira, who died at the age of seven months. By her former marriage Mrs. Hanson had a daughter, Maurine, who is now at home. Mr. and Mrs. Hanson hold membership in the Lutheran church and he gives his political allegiance to the republican party but has never sought nor held office, preferring to concentrate his energies upon his business affairs. He is a self-made man whose prosperity has all been won through his own efforts since he started out in life on his own account. Diligence and determination have characterized his entire career and made him one of the substantial citizens of Swan Lake township.



JOSEPH A. HARING

Joseph A. Haring, wide-awake, alert and energetic, is prominently connected with the business interests of Wallingford, where he is also filling the office of mayor, and in this connection is giving to the city a businesslike and progressive administration. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1872 and is a son of William and Magdalena Haring, who were
also natives of the Keystone state. The father was a railway engineer for a long period and during the last few years of his life devoted his attention to agricultural pursuits. Both he and his wife have now passed away and their remains were interred at Clinton, Iowa. They had a family of eight children: George, now deceased; William, who is married and makes his home in Reading, Pennsylvania; Mary, the wife of J. S. Jones, of Lyons, Iowa; Lizzie, the wife of Charles Aue, of this state; Kate, the wife of J. F. Bockstaller, of Clinton, Iowa; John G., who is married and resides in Clinton; Joseph A.; and Robert, who is
married and also makes his home in Clinton.

Joseph A. Haring was a little lad of but six years when he accompanied his parents to Clinton, Iowa, where the father was first employed as a railroad engineer, while later he turned his attention to the growing of fruit. There Joseph A. Haring entered the public schools, which he attended until graduated from the high school. He afterward learned the machinists trade, which he followed until he reached the age of thirtysix years. Later he was engaged in merchandising with Frank Irwin at Marseilles, Illinois, for a year and after coming to Wallingford  joined Frank  in organizing the present firm of  & Haring for the conduct of a general mercantile establishment. They also deal in hardware and meats and have built up a trade which is substantial and gratifying.

On the 24th of November, 1898, Mr. Haring was united in marriage to Miss Myra , a sister of his partner, and they have one son, , who was born in 1907.

Mr. Haring is a Mason, belonging to the lodge at Lyons, Iowa, and he is also connected with the Modern Woodmen camp at Wallingford, of which he is serving as clerk. He attends the Presbyterian church. His political support is given to the republican party and he is acknowledged one of its leaders in his community. On the city ticket he was elected mayor of Wallingford and is now the present chief executive of the town, directing its interests and seeking ever to promote its welfare.



R. S. HARRIS

R. S. Harris, proprietor of the Lake Road Farm on section 2, Armstrong Grove township, Emmet county, is a native of the neighboring state of Illinois. He was born in Carroll county, April 19, 1868, and is a son of John and Eliza (Hanna) Harris. The parents were both natives of Ireland, but in early life came to America and located in New York state, where they made their home for a time. From there they removed to Illinois, and Mr. Harris purchased a farm in Carroll county, which he operated until ten years prior to his death when he retired from active life. He passed away in August, 1903, and his wife survived him for about two years, dying in May, 1905.

R. S. Harris is indebted to the public schools of his native county for his early education and he remained with his parents until twenty-five years of age. He then rented his father's farm, which he successfully operated for five years, and at the end of that time removed to Black Hawk county, Iowa. One year later he became a resident of Emmet county and purchased two hundred and forty-five acres in Annstrong Grove township, to the improvement and cultivation of which he devoted the following thirteen years. On disposing of that place he bought a half section, a part of which was on,section 1 and the remainder on section 2 of Armstrong Grove township, but he subsequently sold a quarter of section 1. He has made many excellent improvements upon the remainder of his land and in its operation and cultivation has met with marked success. In connection with general farming he pays particular attention to stock, and feeds a carload of cattle and hogs for the market every year.

On the 19th of February, 1895, Mr. Harris married Miss Margaret Calder, a daughter of William and Catherine (McKay) Calder, who were natives of Nova Scotia. There her father died in 1865 and her mother, who long survived him, passed away on the 30th of October, 1893. Mr. and Mrs. Harris have four children, namely: Willis and Wilbur, twins, born August 6, 1896; Ransom C, bom August 16, 1899; and Charles R., born February 3, 1907.

In politics Mr. Harris is a staunch republican and his fellow citizens, recognizing his worth and ability, have called upon him to fill positions of trust and responsibility. For the past twelve years he has served as assessor and has also filled the office of trustee of Armstrong Grove township for four years. He is the present secretary of the Farmers Telephone Company, president of the Farmers Elevator Company of Armstrong and vice president of the Farmers Improvement Association of Emmet county. He is also a member of the Armstrong Consolidated high school board and is a trustee of the Presbyterian church, to which he and his wife belong. Fraternally he is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America and the Yeomen lodge, and in both social and business circles he occupies an enviable position, having the confidence and respect of all with whom he is brought in contact.



CHARLES G. HARRISON

Charles G. Harrison, whose home is on section 14, Armstrong Grove township, Emmet county, where he is successfully engaged in agricultural pursuits, was born on the 29th of August. 1862, in Wisconsin, and is a son of James and Martha (Pierson) Harrison, who were natives of -Yorkshire, England, and came to America in the early '50s. Locating in Wisconsin, father purchased land in Ironton, Sauk county, where he followed farming for many years. When the country became involved in civil war he enlisted in a Wisconsin regiment and remained in the service for three years. He then returned to his home and resumed farming, continuing to make his home in Wisconsin until his death, which occurred in 1906. His wife survived him five years, passing away in 1911.

On the old home farm in Wisconsin Charles G. Harrison grew to manhood with the usual educational advantages and he remained under the parental roof until twenty-three years of age, when he went to Washington, where he remained eleven years and took up a homestead eight miles from Olympia. On his return east he settled at Luverne, Iowa, where he purchased land and engaged in its operation for five years. At the end of that time he came to Emmet county and bought one hundred and sixty acres on sections 14 and 24, Armstrong Grove township. He resides on the former section and now has a well-improved and valuable farm, pleasantly located only a half mile from the city limits of Armstrong. He has residence property and five acres of land in that place besides his farm.

In 1892 Mr. Harrison was united in marriage to Miss Ida M. Griflfin, and to them were born two children: James A., who died in 1896; and Clifford C, who graduated in 1917 from high school and now follows farming. Mr. Harrison is a life member of State Lodge No. 68, A. F. & A. M., at Tacoma, Washington, and also belongs to the Yeomen. He attends the Methodist church at Armstrong and politically is identified with the republican party. He is one of the successful farmers and representative citizens of his community and well remits the respect which is accorded him.



JOHN C. HARRISON

The well ordered appearance of the farm of one hundred and sixty acres in Armstrong Grove township, Emmet county, belonging to John C. Harrison is evidence of the care and labor which he bestows upon the place and which enables him to secure a gratifying income from his land. He was born on the 12th of March, 1846, in Michigan, a son of Alanson and Eleanor (Patek) Harrison, both natives of New York state. The father followed the stonecutter's trade in the east, but after his removal to Michigan engaged in farming there. At length he retired and removed to a nearby town, where he spent his last years, his death occurring January 2, 1882. On the 9th of May, 1884, his wife also passed away.

John C. Harrison grew to manhood in his native state and received his education in the common schools. On attaining his majority he left home and traveled during the greater part of the time for three years. He then went to California, where he was employed as a railroad brakeman for some time and where he learned and followed the carpenter's trade. At length he returned to Michigan, but in the spring of 1871 he and two brothers came to Emmet county, Iowa, where all took up homesteads. John C. Harrison filed on one hundred and sixty acres on section 20, Armstrong Grove township, and has there made his home during the intervening forty-six years. During that time the transformation wrought in his farm and in the county as a whole has been nothing short of marvelous. When he came here this was a frontier district, much of the land was unbroken and there were few white settlers. Now his highly cultivated and splendidly improved place is typical of the farms of the county and country life has many advantages that even a comparatively few years ago were supposed to belong to city life exclusively. He is a stockholder in the Farmers Creamery Company of Armstrong and the Farmers Telephone Company, believing thoroughly in the importance of cooperation among farmers.

Mr. Harrison was married February 16, 1877, to Mrs. Elizabeth Baker, a daughter of George and Jane (Froice) Martin, natives of England, whence they emigrated to America many years ago. Mr. Martin farmed in New York state and also engaged in the butcher business there until 1871, when he removed with his family to Iowa City, Iowa, where he operated a meat market for three years. He then came to Emmet county, Iowa, where a son homesteaded land. Following the death of the son Mr. Martin took over the operation of the place, which he continued to cultivate for several years. At length he sold the property and from that time until his death, which occurred in 1904, made his home witli Mr. Harrison. The mother died in December, 1893. To Mr. and Mrs. Harrison has been born a son, Harry, whose birth occurred in December, 1877, and who is now operating the home place. He married Miss Amy Moore and they have a daughter, Mabel Viola.

Mr. Harrison votes the republican ticket and has acceptably filled the offices of assessor and township clerk and has likewise been a school director. His religious faith is indicated in his membership in the Presbyterian church and in all relations of life he has sought to conform his conduct to high ethical standards.


 
THADDEUS S. HAYS

In the death of Thaddeus S. Hays, Emmet county mourned the loss of one of its valued and representative citizens, for he was long identified with business and financial interests in the county and was ever found loyal and faithful to the trust reposed in him. He was born in Prairie City, Illinois, in November, 1867, a son of Charles and Mattie (Loughry) Hays, who were natives of Pennsylvania and at an early day became residents of Illinois. While living in McDonough county, that state, the father served as county sheriff and accordingly became a resident of Macomb. Later he removed to Iowa and subsequently to South Dakota, where he filled the office of county treasurer.

Thaddeus S. Hays was largely reared and educated in Shenandoah, Iowa, and after putting aside his textbooks was appointed to the position of deputy county treasurer under his father at Woonsocket, South Dakota. After retiring from that position he entered a bank there and later removed to Chicago, where he was employed in the collection department of Deering & Company for four years. When that period had passed he went to Graettinger, Iowa, where he engaged in the banking business but later removed to Armstorng, where he became cashier of the Armstrong State Bank and one of its large stockholders. He continued to act in that official capacity throughout his remaining days and was not quite thirty-seven years of age when, after an illness of less than a week, he passed away in August, 1904. In addition to his business interests at Armstrong he was the vice president of a bank at Dolliver and director of the bank at Winnebago, Iowa, and he also owned considerable farm land in Kossuth and Emmet counties.

It was on the 3d of June, 1896, that Mr. Hays was united in marriage to Miss Hannah L. Gaarder, a daughter of Harry and Bergitte (Leerberg) Gaarder, who were natives of Norway, whence they came to the new world in early life. The father was a farmer and engaged in tilling the soil for many years. Eventually he became a resident of Graettinger, Iowa, and in that vicinity purchased land which he rented. He died in 1901, while his vnfe passed away in Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Hays became the parents of three children, Gladys, Francis and Thaddeus S., all of whom are attending school, the eldest being now a college student in Huron, South Dakota. Mrs. Hays has taken up the management of her husband's business interests. She has been a stockholder and one of the directors of the Armstrong State Bank for the past twelve years and she has valuable property holdings which return to her a most gratifying
income. Her residence is one of the most beautiful homes of Armstrong and is the abode of warm-hearted hospitality.

In all of his business career Mr. Hays was thoroughly reliable as well as enterprising and his activities measured up to the highest standards. He ever assisted in movements for the benefit and welfare of his community and he served as a member of the town council of Armstrong and also as a member of the school board. His political allegiance was given to the republican party. Fraternally, he was a Mason and a Knight of Pythias, while his religious faith was that of the Presbyterian church. While devoted to the public welfare and to the interests of his friends, his best traits of character were ever reserved for his own home and fireside and there he was a most devoted husband and father, counting no sacrifice on his part too great if it would enhance the happiness and welfare of his wife and children.



WILLIAM H. HAYS

William H. Hays, farming on section 14, Center township, Emmet county, was born in Stephenson county, Illinois, on the 11th of September, 1868, his parents being Mathias and Elizabeth Hays, who were natives of Indiana and Ohio respectively. The father followed the occupation of farming in order to provide for his family, consisting of his wife and four children, and in the spring of 1869 he removed from Illinois to Dallas county, Iowa, where he purchased land.

William H. Hays was at that time an infant of but six months. His youthful days were spent upon the home farm and he continued to attend the district schools of the neighborhood until he had reached the age of eighteen. He then concentrated his efforts upon farm work, assisting his father until he reached the age of twenty-six, when he started out in life independently upon a rented farm in Union county, Iowa, where he remained for eight years. He afterward rented land in Dallas county for a decade and in 1913 came to Emmet county, where he purchased the north half of the northeast quarter of section 14, Center township, upon which he is now living. His farm of one hundred acres is a highly cultivated tract and the land, naturally rich and productive, responds readily to the care and labor which he bestows upon it. He manifests diligence and determination in his business affairs and his indefatigable energy is one of the basic elemerits of his growing success.

On the 8th of September, 1894, Mr. Hays was united in marriage to Miss Lettie E. Stevens, a daughter of Thomas and Nancy Stevens, formerly of Dallas county, Iowa, who now rest side by side in the Masonic cemetery at Dallas Center. Mr. and Mrs. Hays have one son, Elbert H., at home. Mr. Hays is connected with the Modem Woodmen of America at Gruver and his political support is given to the republican party, but he has never been a politician in the sense of office seeking. He and his wife hold membership in the Christian church and are highly esteemed wherever known, their sterling characteristics gaining for them the warm regard of all with whom they have been brought in contact.



LAURENCE F. HEINRICH

Laurence F. Heinrich is well known as the proprietor of the Cloverdale Farm, comprising two hundred and forty acres of rich and productive land on section 14, Iowa Lake township, Emmet county. His birth occurred in Benton county, Iowa, in July, 1882, his parents being Gustav and Matilda (Becker) Heinrich, the former a native of Australia and the latter of Castle, Pennsylvania. The father, an agriculturist by occupation, came to America at the age of nineteen years, taking up his abode in Benton county, Iowa, where he worked by the month as a farm hand until he was twenty-four years old. At that time he purchased a tract of eighty acres which he improved and cultivated for five years, on the expiration of which period he disposed of the property and bought another farm of two hundred and forty acres in Benton county, operating the same until 1910. In that year he put aside the active work of the fields and has since lived in honorable retirement at Waterloo, Blackhawk county, Iowa. His wife passed away in August, 1911.

Laurence F. Heinrich was reared and educated in his native county and remained under the parental roof until he had attained the age of twenty-three years. He then started out as an agriculturist on his own account and cultivated a tract of rented land in Benton county, Iowa, for eight years, at the end of which time he purchased a farm of one hundred and fifty acres in Emmet township, Emmet county. After operating the place for a year he sold out and bought his present farm of two hundred and forty acres on section 14, Iowa Lake township, on which he has made substantial improvements and which he has cultivated continuously and successfully since. In connection with the raising of cereals he feeds about two cars of hogs annually, this branch of his business adding materially to his income.

On the 21st of December, 1905, Mr. Heinrich was united in marriage to Miss Meta Combs, a daughter of Thomas and Martha (Walters) Combs, who are natives of Kentucky and Pennsylvania respectively. The father, an agriculturist by occupation, removed to Benton county, Iowa, at an early day, having for several years previously been engaged in farming in Linn county, this state. He carried on the work of the fields for many years in Benton county, but he and his wife are now living retired at Blairstown, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Heinrich have two children, namely: Marion A., who was born October 6, 1906; and Clark D., whose natal day was October 10, 1907.

Mr. Heinrich gives his political allegiance to the republican party and is now serving as a trustee of Iowa Lake township. He is also one of the board of directors of the Emmet County Fair Association and was director of the Emmet County Improvement Association until his recent resignation. His religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Evangelical Association of North America. His life is upright and honorable in every relation and he enjoys an enviable reputation as one of the representative citizens and prosperous agriculturists of his community.



JOHN HENRIKSEN

John Henriksen, who passed away on the 11th of April, 1915, was for thirty years a resident of Emmet county and was ranked among the highly efficient farmers of Denmark township. His birth occurred in Denmark in 1857 and there he remained until he was twenty-four years of age, when he came to the United States and made his way to Council Blufi's, Iowa. He worked on a railroad and did teaming for two years and in 1885 came to Denmark township, Emmet county, Iowa, where he purchased eighty acres of land, comprising the north half of the southwest quarter of section 12, Denmark township. Subsequently he purchased the eighty acre tract lying north of his original farm and as the years passed he made his place one of the best developed and most productive farms of the township. He derived a gratifying income from his land and accumulated a competence.

In 1880, in Denmark, Mr. Henriksen was united in marriage to Miss Hanna Madsen, whose parents were lifelong residents of that country. Mr. and Mrs. Henriksen had nine children, namely: Ida, now Mrs. Daniel Sorensen, of Denmark township; Henry, who is married and lives in Ringsted; Peter, who is farming three miles from the home place in Denmark township and whose sketch appears elsewhere in this work; Marius, who is married and is farming in Denmark township; Sophia, the wife of James Rasmussen, of Denmark township; Gina, who married M. H. Petersen, of Denmark township; and Martin, Minnie and Fred, all at home.

Mr. Henriksen was never a seeker for official honors. He was respected wherever known as a man of sterling integrity and his personal friends were many. One of the earliest settlers in Denmark township, he lived to see a wonderful transfonnation as what had been a frontier region became a thickly settled and highly developed agricultural district. He passed away on the 11th of April, 1915, at the age of fifty-eight years, and all who knew him felt that a worthy man, a good citizen and a loyal friend had gone to his reward. He is buried in St. Paul's cemetery. Mrs. Henriksen survives and still resides upon the home farm.



PETER HENRIKSEN

Among the well known young farmers and stock raisers of Denmark township, Emmet county, is Peter Henriksen, who is operating the south half of the southeast quarter of section 1 and one hundred and sixty acres in Kossuth county. He was born in Denmark township on the 22d of December, 1887, and is a son of John and Johanna (Madsen) Henriksen, who were among the early settlers of Denmark township and a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work.

Peter Henriksen, the third in order of birth in a family of nine children, attended the district schools until he was sixteen years of age and the following five years were spent in working for his father. He then rented a farm three miles from the home place for a year in partnership with his brother Henry and at the end of that time bought the farm, which he has since cultivated on his own account. It comprises eighty acres of fine land on section 1 and he also owns an adjoining quarter section in Kossuth county. He raises both grain and stock and in all his work follows up-to-date methods.

On the 8th of June, 1910, Mr. Henriksen was married to Miss Helen Jepsen, a daughter of Nels and Anna (Nissen) Jepsen, natives of Denmark and for a number of years residents of Denmark township, Emmet county, Iowa. They are now living retired in Ringsted. To Mr. and Mrs. Henriksen have been born two children: Ervin, whose birth occurred in 1911; and Frances, born in 1915.

Mr. Henriksen supports the candidates of the republican party at the polls but has never had time to take an active part in politics as he has concentrated his attention upon his farming interests. He holds membership in the Danish Lutheran church and supports heartily the work of that organization. He is one of the younger farmers of the township and also one of the most successful. He is popular in the local lodge of the Loyal Order of Moose, to which he belongs, and also has a host of friends outside of that organization.



C. R. HENRY

Business enterprise, intelligently directed, has made C. R. Henry one of the representative merchants of Emmet county, within whose borders he has made his home since 1913. He is now proprietor of a hardware store at Gruver. His birth occurred at Bonfield, Illinois, July 20, 1891, his parents being George O. and Emma (Bally) Henry, who are also natives of that state, where they are still living. To them were born eight children and the family circle yet remains unbroken by the hand of death.

C. R. Henry spent his boyhood and youth in the state of his nativity and is indebted to its public school system for the educational opportunity which he enjoyed. He left home at the age of seventeen years to make his own way in the world and whatever success he has since achieved is attributable entirely to his earnest effort. His first position was that of shipping clerk with James H. Watson at Bradley, Illinois, where he remained for a year. He next entered the service of the Chicago, Indiana & Southern Railroad Company, with which he continued for a year, and on the expiration of that period he spent two years with the firm of Sears, Roebuck & Company. In 1913 he arrived in Emmet county and opened the hardware store at Gruver which he now carries on. He is one of the enterprising merchants of the town and his business activity is bringing to him merited success.

Mr. Henry belongs to the Modern Woodmen camp and he gives his political allegiance to the republican party, feeling that its platform contains the best elements of good government. He is actuated in all that he does by a spirit of enterprise and progress which assures his continued advancement in the business world.



George Herrick, Sr.
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GEORGE HERRICK, SR.

George Herrick, Sr., who is successfully engaged in agricultural pursuits on section 24, Swan Lake township, was born in Sturton, Lincolnshire, England, on the 20th of May, 1849, and is a .son of John and Ann (Wheatcroft) Herrick, who continued to make their home in England throughout life, the father being engaged in farming. Our subject attended the common schools of his native land, but his educational privileges were limited. Although he left school at the age of eleven years he has always been a reader and a student, and is today a well informed man.

In 1871 Mr. Herrick sailed for the new world and landed in Quebec, Canada, whence he made his way to Chicago and from there came direct to Iowa. He crossed the Mississippi river at Burlington on the 8th of July, 1871, and although his ticket was to Ottumwa he stopped over at Mt. Pleasant to visit relatives. His wife accompanied him, and on their arrival at Mt. Pleasant they found that their capital consisted of only ten dollars and it was necessary for Mr. Herrick to go to work. He secured a position as a farm hand and his wife assisted in the housework, thus paying for her board. He received twenty dollars a month for his services and remained with his employer until the close of corn picking, when he and his wife went to live in a log cabin on the farm where he had worked and where he was still employed at doing odd jobs until the following spring. On moving to Mt. Pleasant he secured a position in a nursery where he remained for four or five years, and after the death of his employer he was with his successor. He had charge of selling the nursery stock and also farmed the surplus land. The farm was finally sold and the business discontinued. Mr. Herrick then removed to Fillmore county, Nebraska, where he rented a farm on the cash basis and engaged in agricultural pursuits on his own account. His wheat crop was poor, however, and only sold for forty cents a bushel and the grasshoppers ate his corn. In the fall he returned to Iowa. He had paid one hundred dollars for a freight car to move his goods to Nebraska, but the return trip was made by horse and wagon. Mr. Herrick located at Grand Junction, Iowa, where he ran a dray line for two or three years, and then resumed agricultural pursuits, purchasing a small farm which he operated until 1891. Since that time he has been a resident of Emmet county and has lived on his present farm in Swan Lake township. He is a progressive and up-to-date farmer and since locating here has met with good success in his labors.

Before leaving England Mr. Herrick was married in 1871 to Miss Elizabeth Chamberlain, by whom he has had six children, two sons and four daughters, namely: Anna, who is now the wife of E. P. Myers, of Spencer, Iowa, and has three children, Bethel, Mildred and Donald; Carrie, the widow of J. M. Taylor, of Iowa Falls, who was accidentally killed December 16, 1916; Grace, who is the wife of L. R. Taylor, of Armstrong, Iowa, and has three children, Leora, Dorothy and Beryl; Lilly M., the wife of John S. Dininger, who is now operating Mr. Herrick's farm; George, Jr., a resident of Denison, Iowa; and Ira D., who is living in Maple Hill, Emmet county, is married and has four children, Earl, Walter, Thelma and Lura.

Mr. Herrick casts his ballot for the men and measures of the republican party and has most acceptably served as justice of the peace for ten years and as township trustee and road supervisor for several terms. He is a member of Armstrong Lodge No. 635, I. O. O. F. of which he was one of the organizers and both he and his wife hold membership in the Baptist church. He is one of the most influential citizens in his community and has a host of warm friends in Emmet county.



JACOB HERUM

A valuable farm of one hundred and ninety-six acres on section 22, High Lake township, pays tribute to the care and labors bestowed upon it by its owmer, Jacob Herum, who is acknowledged one of the progressive and enterprising agriculturist of Emmet county. He was born in Dane county, Wisconsin, January 24, 1862, and is a son of Peter E. and Bertha Herum, who were natives of Norway. On coming to the United States they made their way to Dane county, Wisconsin, in 1847 and there resided for almost a quarter of a century, or until 1870. In the latter year they came to Emmet county, Iowa, and Mr. Herum purchased farm land in High Lake township. He then began to develop and improve his farm, bringing his fields to a high state of cultivation. He continued active in that work until his death and his wife has also passed away. In their family were twelve children, nine of whom are yet living.

The common school system of Emmet county afforded Jacob Herum the educational privileges which he enjoyed. He was but eight years of age when brought by his parents to Iowa and through the period of his boyhood and youth his time was divided between the duties of the schoolroom, the pleasures of the playground and the work of the home farm. In fact he continued upon the home place until 1896, when he was united in marriage to Miss Ina Bauge, a daughter of Joe and Julia (Halverson) Bauge, natives of Norway, who became early  settlers of Iowa, where they still reside. Mr. and Mrs. Herum have become the parents of five children, Percy B., Joseph G., Raymond J., Robert G. and Margaret M.

Devoting his time and energies to general agricultural pursuits, Jacob Herum is now the owner of one hundred and ninety-six acres of land, which embraces the northeast quarter of the northwest quarter of section 22, High Lake township, the north half of the northeast quarter of section 22 and the southeast quarter of the northeast quarter of the same section. He has resided thereon continuously since his marriage and is now engaged in general farming and in dairying, keeping good grades of cows for that purpose. There are excellent improvements upon his land in the way of good buildings and well kept fences, his machinery is of the latest improved models and his farm work is carried on according to the most progressive methods.

Mr. and Mrs. Herum are members of the Norwegian Lutheran church. His political endorsement is given to the Republican party and he has filled the office of road supervisor. He has also been school director for two years and the cause of education finds in him a stalwart champion. Practically his entire life has been passed in Emmet county, where he has now lived for forty-seven years, and there is no phase of its development and progress with which he is not familiar, having witnessed the greater part of its growth and upbuilding.



CHARLES H. HIGINBOTHAM

Charles H. Higinbotham, who is engaged in general merchandising at Gruver, was born in Winnebago county, Iowa, April 26, 1870. His parents, William and Rachel (Miller) Higinbotham, are natives of Ohio and Virginia, respectively. About the year 1860 they took up their abode in Iowa and are still residents of Winnebago county. They had a family of eight children, of whom six are yet living.

Spending his youthful days under the parental roof, Charles H. Higinbotham was educated in the common schools of Winnebago county and in the high school at Forest City. He continued upon the home farm until he attained his majority, when, thinking to find other pursuits more congenial, he turned his attention to commercial interests by securing a clerkship in a store, in which he was employed for a year. Later he was connected with a grain elevator for six years or until 1899, when he built an elevator in Gruver, which he conducted for a short time. He then sold out and established his present general merchandise store, which he has since conducted. He carries a substantial and attractive line of goods and finds a ready sale therefor, owing to his reliable business methods, his reasonable prices and his earnest desire to please his patrons. He owns the store building which he occupies.

In 1893 Mr. Higinbotham was united in marriage to Miss Grace Lawrence, a native of Kansas and a daughter of Lester L. and Irene (Kays) Lawrence. Her mother is now deceased, while the father resides in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Higinbotham have become the parents of two children, William L. and Lawrence.

Mr. Higinbotham is a well known and representative member of the Odd Fellows' Lodge No. 69, also of the Knights of Pythias and the Modern Woodmen of America, and in the local organizations has filled various chairs. He votes with the Republican party and his fellow townsmen, appreciative of his worth and ability, have frequently called upon him to fill public offices, so that he has served as justice of the peace, as town clerk and as a member of the school board. His wife belongs to the Presbyterian church, and both are highly esteemed in the community where they make their home, their many substantial characteristics winning for them the high and favorable regard of all who know them.



WILLIAM A. AND FRANK A. HILDRETH

William A. and Frank A. Hildreth are progressive and representative farmers of Twelve Mile Lake township. Their ancestral history, a most interesting one, has been given as follows: "In 1640, Richard, first of the Hildreth immigrant ancestors, came with the English Puritans to America and settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Of his children Joseph Hildreth was the first male child in the Hildreth line born in America. From him the descent is traced down through Joseph, Hosea and Nathaniel Hildreth, who was the first of the family to leave Massachusetts, removing from that state in 1817, at which time he took up his abode near Richmond, Virginia. There he lived for twenty-five years and afterward went to Greene county, Ohio, where he died in 1844." His son, the grandfather of William A. and Frank A. Hildreth, was John Parker Hildreth, who was born in Virginia in 1821 and married Susan Spahr. He removed to Jay county, Indiana, and at the time of the Civil War enlisted in 1864 in the One Hundred and Fortieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, but becoming ill, he was sent home on a furlough and, returning to the front before he had sufficiently recovered, he died at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, February 11, 1865. His wife had passed away May 3, 1862, and their children afterward became scattered.

Their son, William Hildreth, Sr., married Samantha Whiteman and for a few years resided in Logan county, Illinois, where William A. Hildreth was born on the 20th of August, 1871. During his infancy the parents removed to Polk county, Iowa, and there the father purchased a farm of two hundred acres which he at once began to develop and improve. Thereon he passed away in December, 1884, at the age of thirty-seven years. His widow and children continued to cultivate the farm for some time. Mrs. Hildreth still survives and is now living with her son James. The members of the household were: Edward and James, who are now residents of Calhoun county, Iowa; Emery, who is living in the same county; Harry, deceased; Nellie, the wife of Dan Stebleton, residing near Egeland, North Dakota; Mark, who is also near Egeland; and William A. and Frank A., of this review.

William A. Hildreth attended the common schools until he reached the age of sixteen years. He and his brother came to Emmet county in 1898 and purchased farms. William A. Hildreth became owner of the southeast quarter of section 18, Twelve Mile Lake township, whereon he now resides, and he has since converted the place into a rich and productive tract of land from which he annually garners good harvests. On the 5th of October, 1899, he was married to Miss Jennie Long, a daughter of James and Mary Long, formerly of Polk county, Iowa, but both now deceased, their remains having been interred in Ames, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Hildreth have become the parents of six children: Cora, Russell, Howard, Charles, Wilbur and Esther, all at home. The parents are consistent members of the Methodist church and in political views William A. Hildreth is a republican, but while he is conversant with the leading questions and issues of the day, he does not seek nor desire office. He has served as a school director and is interested in all matters pertaining to the general welfare.

Frank A. Hildreth was born in Polk county, Iowa, January 8, 1874. He was married in 1895 to Dora Boda, a daughter of Adam and Louise (Ringenburg) Boda, of Polk county. The father died and was buried at Polk City, while the mother is now living at Sheldahl, Iowa, with her daughters. Mr. and Mrs. Frank A. Hildreth have become parents of a son, William. On removing to Emmet county in 1898, Frank A. Hildreth purchased a valuable and productive farm on section 17.

Like their forefathers, the two brothers are tillers of the soil and are extensively engaged in stock raising, specializing in feeding more than in breeding. Theirs are among the finest improved farms of the county and their property has been won through earnest, persistent labor. Both brothers are deeply interested in
everything pertaining to the welfare and progress of the community, and Frank A. Hildreth became one of the first directors of the First National Bank at Terril, Iowa. He, too, has served on the school board and as township trustee and, like his brother, he adheres to the Methodist faith and is a republican in his political views. The Hildreths are among the prominent families of the county and both William A. and Frank A. Hildreth
enjoy the unqualified regard and confidence of all who know them. Their labors have largely set a standard for agricultural development in the community where they live and their labors have brought them to the present prominent position which they now occupy.



JORGEN N. HOIEN

Jorgen N. Hoien, a resident farmer of Jack Creek township, his
home being on section 2, is a native of Denmark and his birth occurred on the 30th of March, 1866. He is a son of Jens Peter and Else Marie Hoien, who came to the United States in 1888, settling in Ohio, and in 1893 made their way to Iowa, establishing their home in Blackhawk county, where the mother passed away. The father afterward came to Emmet county to make his home with his son Jorgen, with whom he continued until his death, which occurred in June, 1912.

Jorgen N. Hoien pursued a common school education to the age of seventeen yars, or until 1883, when he came to the United States. While in Ohio he was employed in a nail factory at Martins Ferry for two years, after which he came to Iowa and for a similar period worked as a farm hand in Blackhawk county. He then went to the Pacific coast and spent two and a half years in California, working with the bridge gang of the Santa Fe Railroad Company. Subsequently he returned to Blackhawk county, Iowa, and began farming on his own account as a renter. There he remained for eleven years, or until 1900, when he took up his abode in Emmet county, where he has since lived. He first bought one hundred and sixty acres of land and later purchased two quarter sections. He has since sold one quarter and now owns three hundred and twenty acres of rich and valuable farm land in Emmet county. His time and attention are concentrated upon the work of the farm and the neat and thrifty appearance of his place indicates his practical eiforts and progressive methods. He has good buildings upon his farm and the latest improved machinery to facilitate the work of the fields and there is nothing that he can do to enhance the value and productiveness of his place that he neglects.

In 1890 Mr. Hoien was united in marriage to Miss Anna Lund, of Blackhawk county, Iowa. They have become the parents of seven children: Jens, who is engaged in farming in Emmet county; Soren, who occupies the position of clerk in the Farmers Savings Bank at Ringsted, this county; and Jorgen, Christina, Iver, Else Marie and Annetta, all at home.

In politics Mr. Hoien is a democrat and has served as township trustee and as a member of the school board for a number of years. He belongs to the Danish Brotherhood and to the Lutheran church and his life is guided by high and honorable principles that make him a man fully worthy of the high regard which is everywhere entertained for him. He came to the United States a poor boy but with the passing years has steadily worked his way upward and is now one of the substantial and worthy citizens of Jack Creek township.



WARNER L. HOPPUS

The operation of his fine farm of one hundred and sixty acres in Armstrong Grove township requires practically the entire attention of W'arner L. Hoppus, leaving him little time for outside interests. He was born in Clayton county, Iowa, December 8, 1857, and is a son of Daniel and Frances (Hanna) Hoppus, natives respectively of Pennsylvania and of Ohio. The father was a butcher by trade but following his removal to Iowa carried on farming here. Subsequently he was similarly engaged in Minnesota and in Canada, his death occurring in the Dominion in August, 1912, when he had reached the venerable age of eighty-eight years. His wife is still living in that country.

Warner L. Hoppus grew to manhood in Hardin county, Iowa, and had the privilege of attending the common schools until he was fourteen years old. He then began working as a farm hand and so continued until 1881, when he rented land. Two years later he bought a farm in Hardin county which he operated for three years but at the end of that time he again rented land, which he cultivated for two years. He at length purchased another farm in Franklin county, Iowa, but after giving five years to its operation he came to Emmet county in 1894. For seventeen years he operated one farm in Armstrong Grove township under lease but at the end of that time realized a long cherished purpose as he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of fine land. His place is situated on section 21, Armstrong Grove township, and its value has been increased by many improvements. He is engaged in general farming and his yearly income is a gratifying one.

Mr. Hoppus was married on the 28th of December, 1881, to Miss Julia Rogers and to them were born three children: Lyman E., who was born on the 13th of November, 1883, and died in 1886; Lee L., who was born October 7, 1887, and is now farming in Armstrong Grove township; and Luella Blanche, born July 30, 1889. On the 6th of May, 1911, the wife and mother died suddenly of heart failure. She had many warm friends and her demise was the occasion of much sincere grief.

In politics Mr. Hoppus is a republican and fraternally is identified with the Modern Woodmen of America. In successfully managing his agricultural interests and improving his farm he is not only gaining prosperity for himself but is also contributing to the development of his township and county, whose wealth consists chiefly of rich farm lands.



Rev. John R. Horswell
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REV. JOHN R. HORSWELL

Rev. John R. Horswell, one of the well known and valued residents of Emmet county now living retired in Estherville, was born in England, May 13, 1846, a son of Richard and Mary Ann (Wood) Horswell, both of whom were natives of England. They crossed the Atlantic to Canada about 1849 and there resided for twelve years, after which they returned to England, where they again lived for six years. On the expiration of that period they went once more to Canada, where they settled in 1867. The mother contracted cholera on the journey and died in Kingston, Canada, soon after their arrival. In the year 1869 the Rev. John R. Horswell came to the United States, establishing his home in Humboldt, Iowa, and in the fall of the same year he was joined by his father, who, after living in Humboldt for two years, learned of a homestead in Emmet county adjoining Armstrong which had been abandoned by a former settler. Mr. Horswell accordingly came to Emmet county and filed on the homestead, which he continued to occupy up to the time of his death. He was in his ninety-fourth year when he passed away on the 4th of August, 1915,and he remained very active to the last, being a remarkably well preserved man.

Rev. John R. Horswell acquired his education in the common schools, supplemented by academic training in England, and there he prepared for the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal church. He entered upon ministerial work in Canada in 1868 and soon afterward came to Iowa. For thirty years he was identified with the Des Moines annual conference, his first charge being at Humboldt, Iowa. After the mission was opened from Manson to Storm Lake on the Illinois Central Railroad, Rev. Horswell established churches at various points from Manson to Alta and he was the first Methodist Episcopal minister at Storm Lake. For many years thereafter he was one of the well known preachers in the state, working zealously and untiringly for the advancement of the cause. His labors were not denied the full harvest nor the aftermath and constituted a most forceful factor in the moral progress of the districts in which he labored. In 1895 he entered into superannuated relations with the church and removed to his farm in Emmet county which he had previously purchased. Through the following eighteen years he devoted himself to agricultural pursuits and thereby regained his health, which had become impaired through close confinement in church work. He made a specialty of raising cattle while upon the farm and was one of the first to recognize how much it would mean to the community to produce a better grade of cattle. He built up a herd of thoroughbred Aberdeen Angus cattle and was the first man to exhibit from Emmet county at the state fair and at the International Stock Show, receiving premiums at both shows. The herd which he sold at the time he retired from active business brought about ten thousand dollars. He had become recognized as one of the foremost stockmen of his part of the state and he had proven his ability not only through contributing to the moral development of his community but also by aiding in its material progress. He was very successful in his farming and cattle raising interests and acquired eight hundred acres of land, but has since disposed of four hundred acres by sale and by division among his sons.

On the 20th of December, 1871, Rev. Horswell was married to Miss Susan C. Murton, of Kingston, Ontario, and to them were born six childred, four sons and two daughters: Ulysses M., now a practicing physician of Wausaukee, Wisconsin; Abigail, a teacher in Bennet Academy at Mathiston. Mississippi; John S., who follows farming near Harris, Iowa; Floy Georgetta, the wife of H. H. Hansen, of Estherville, Iowa; Joy R., who is engaged in the real estate business at Estherville; and Hugo W., who is operating the home farm.

Rev. Horswell's more recent public work in this county has been the organization of the Emmet County Farm Improvement Association, which employs a graduate of the State Agricultural College, who keeps in close touch with the farming interests and works for more intensive cultivation and for better farming methods generally. After the organization Rev. Horswell was chosen president, in which capacity he is now serving. The society is proving a most potent force in Emmet county in raising the standards and improving the methods of farming and splendid results are being achieved thereby. He was also instrumental in the organization of the Emmet County Fair Association and in securing the passage of a bill whereby twelve thousand dollars was voted for the purchase of a tract of land of sixty acres adjoining the city of Estherville. This was done at the November election of 1916, the grounds to be ready for exhibition purposes in the fall of 1917. Rev. Horswell is a member of the board of directors of the Fair Association and he is likewise secretary and a member of the board of directors of the Estherville Free Public Library. In politics he is a republican and has been importuned to accept the nomination for state representatiye but has declined the honor. Emmet county places his name high on the roll of its foremost citizens, recognizing the value and worth of his work in advancing higher standards for the material, intellectual, social and moral development of the community.



Richard Horswell and Family
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RICHARD HORSWELL

Richard Horswell, deceased, was for many years identified with the agricultural and stock raising interests of Emmet county, his home being on sections 13 and 14, Armstrong Grove township. He was born in England, March 25, 1822, and was a son of John and Mary (Upham) Horswell, who never came to America but died in England, the former in 1835 and the latter in 1830. In the land of his birth Richard Horswell was reared and educated and at the age of thirteen years started out to make his own way in the world. When fourteen years old he began learning the milling business which he followed in England and Canada for thirty-five years. At the age of twenty-one he removed to Canada but was afterward taken ill and returned to his native land for the benefit of his health. He remained there four years, during which time he was married. At the end of that time he again went to Canada accompanied by his wife and their two children, but twelve years later we again find them in England, in order that their children might have better educational advantages. In 1867 Mr. Horswell again took his family to Canada, where his wife died the same year. From there he removed to Humboldt county, Iowa, where he remained for two years and then came to Emmet county, taking up a homestead of one hundred and sixty acres on section 14, Armstrong Grove township. Subsequently he purchased another quarter section across the road on section 13. He at once began the improvement of his place and made it one of the finest farms in the county. He was a breeder of thoroughbred Durham cattle and Poland China hogs, and during his residence here met with well-deserved success in his labors. He continued to reside upon his farm up to the time of his death, but for the last ten years practically lived retired, renting his land to tenants.

In 1845 Mr. Horswell was united in marriage to Miss Mary A. Wood, by whom he had seven children, John R., Mary E., Adeline, George, Charles, Albert and Victor. The last named is now deceased and the wife and mother passed away in 1867. In March, 1870, Mr. Horswell wedded Dorcas Cronk, a daughter of David and Nancy (Clark) Cronk, natives of Canada. Her father, who was a farmer by occupation, continued to reside in Canada throughout life and passed away in 1867 at the age of sixty-five years, and her mother died in 1890 at the age of seventy-nine years. By his second marriage Mr. Horswell had the following children, Victoria, Walter, Maude, Thyrza, Frances, May, Garfield, Blanche, Blaine and Lincoln. Of these Frances is deceased.

After a useful and well-spent life Mr. Horswell passed away on the 4th of August, 1915, at the advanced age of ninety-three years, four months and ten days. His widow still makes her home on the farm. He was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and a Methodist in religious faith. Politically, he supported the men and measures of the republican party. During his residence in Emmet county he became widely and favorably known, and at his death left many friends as well as his immediate family to mourn his loss.



WILLIAM O. HOWARD

William O. Howard, editor of the Armstrong Journal, was born March 10, 1874, in Drakesville, Davis county, Iowa, and is a son of George O. and Susan F. (Seay) Howard, natives of Ohio and Iowa respectively. The father, who was a shoemaker by trade, died in 1878, and the mother then removed to Clarinda, Iowa, to make her home with her father, the Rev. Isaac M. Seay, who was a pioneer Baptist minister of the state.

William O. Howard was reared and educated in Clarinda, and at the early age of twelve years entered the office of the Page County Democrat, where he quickly acquired a good knowledge of the printer's trade. At the age of sixteen years he established the Bradyville News and became the youngest newspaper publisher in Iowa. On disposing of the business there he worked at his trade in Minnesota for ten years, a part of which time he was in the employ of Brown & Bigelow, art calendar publishers of St. Paul. In 1908 Mr. Howard located at Forest City, Iowa, and for three years owned the controlling interest in the Forest City Summit. On selling out there he purchased the Wall Lake Blade, which he published until the spring of 1916 when he sold out, and in the fall of that year became a resident of Armstrong, Emmet county. Here he bought the Armstrong Journal which he now publishes. He has a well equipped office and being a thorough newspaper man undoubtedly will meet with success in his new field of labor.

On New Year's Day of 1897 Mr. Howard was united in marriage to Miss Sadie Peterson, a native of Norway, and they have become the parents of four children, namely: Harold M., born May 6, 1898; Morton O., July 3, 1899; Francis E., June 22, 1901; and Ruth M., September 17, 1904. Fraternally Mr. Howard is a member of the Masonic order and is also identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In politics he is a progressive republican, taking a commendable interest in public affairs and supporting all worthy enterprises for the benefit of his town and community.



FRANK IRWIN

Frank Irwin is one of the proprietors of a well appointed general merchandise establishment at Wallingford and is accounted one of the progressive and enterprising business men of his town. He was born in the state of New York, March 6, 1873, a son of Eugene and Margaret . The father was a farmer by occupation and about 1880 removed westward to Iowa, settling at Lyons, where he turned his attention to horticultural pursuits. Mr.  passed away in 1902, his remains being interred in Sullivan county. New York, and his widow now resides with her elder daughter. To him and his wife were born three children: Myra, now the wife of J. A. Haring, of Wallingford; Flo, the wife of S. B. Hill, of New York; and Frank.

The last named was a little lad of but seven summers when he accompanied his parents to tlie middle west and through the period of his boyhood he attended the pubUc schools and also worked with his father until he reached the age of about eighteen years. In 1900 he came to Emmet county and spent two years on a farm in High Lake township. He afterward purchased a general store in Wallingford and was associated with E. G. Sando in the conduct of the business for two years. In 1908 he removed to Marseilles, Illinois, where he spent two years, and in 1910 returned to the old store in Wallingford, entering into partnership with J. A. Haring in the sale of general merchandise, hardware and meats. They enjoyed a good trade and their close application and enterprise have developed their business along substantial lines.

In 1897 Mr. Irwin  was united in marriage to Miss May Adams, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Adams. The father died during her girlhood and the mother afterward became a resident of Morrison, Ilhnois, where she passed away in 1915. Mr. and Mrs.  have two children: Basil, born in 1902; and Ray, in 1908. The parents have the warm regard and friendship of those with whom they come in contact. Mr.  belongs to the Mystic Workers and in politics maintains an independent course, voting for the candidates whom he regards as best qualified for office rather than for party.



John C. Irwin
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JOHN C. IRWIN

John C. Irwin, now living retired, is an honored veteran of the Civil war and one whose loyalty in citizenship has never been called into question. He has always stood for progressiveness and improvement in public affairs as well as in private life. He was born in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, September 23, 1837, and is a son of Luke and Mary (Adams) Irwin, both of whom were natives of the Keystone state. In 1851 they arrived in Jackson county, Iowa, and settled on a farm, there spending the remainder of their days. In their family were eleven children but only two are now living.

John C. Irwin was a youth of fourteen years when the removal was made to this state and his early education, begun in Pennsylvania, was supplemented by further study in Jackson county. He assisted his father in the work of the fields through the period of his boyhood and youth, remaining at home until he attained his majority, and he became familiar with all of the experiences and hardships of this district when it was a frontier settlement. After attaining adult age he engaged in breaking prairie with five yoke of oxen for three years and spent two years in Missouri previous to his beginning farming in Iowa. With the outbreak of the Civil war his patriotic spirit was aroused and in response to the country's call for troops he enlisted in 1861 as a member of Company D, Ninth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, serving with the rank of sergeant. He remained with his command for three years and participated in the siege of Vicksburg, the battle of Missionary Ridge and in the campaign from Atlanta to the sea. He was mustered out in Georgia and returned to his home with a most creditable military record, for he had never faltered in the performance of any duty assigned him, whether called to the firing line or stationed on the lonely picket line. His loyalty and valor were unquestioned and his course was indeed commendable.

When the country no longer needed his aid Mr. Irwin took up his abode in Benton county, Iowa, where he purchased a farm which he developed and improved for eighteen years, transforming it into a very productive tract. He afterward removed to Cherokee county, Iowa, where he resided until 1901 and then came to Emmet county, settling in Estherville, where he has since lived retired. He was an active and progressive agriculturist through many years of his life and his well directed industry and thrift brought him a substantial measure of success.

On February 22, 1865, Mr. Irwin was united in marriage to Miss Amanda Beller, a native of Ohio and a daughter of Robert and Rachel (Davis) Beller, who removed to Peoria county, Illinois, and afterward became residents of Benton county, Iowa. There the mother passed away, while the father's death afterward occurred in Ponca, Nebraska. Mr. and Mrs. Irwin had seven children. L. W., the eldest, is now a resident of Independence, Iowa. Minnie E. is the wife of C. E. Person, of Estherville, Iowa. Perry C. is engaged in farming in Emmet county. Estella has departed this life. J. Albert is living in Emmet county. Wiley C. is also deceased. Olive R. is the wife of Roy A. Burt, who was born in Emmet county, July 17, 1882, a son of Peter H. and Anna (Davis) Burt. He was reared and educated in Emmet county and pursued a course in dairying at the Agricultural College at Ames, being graduated in 1902. He afterward worked as butter maker in a creamery for ten years and in March, 1911, came to Estherville, where he established a feed and seed store. In 1914 he sold a half interest to F. M. Jones and business has since been conducted under the name of the Burt & Jones feed and seed store. They also handle coal. It was in 1906 that Mr. Burt wedded Miss Olive Irwin and they have become parents of a daughter, Eloise Ruth, born June 20, 1914. Mrs. Amanda Irwin passed away in 1905 and was laid to rest in the East cemetery at Estherville, Iowa. She had many admirable traits of character worthy of all praise and her death was deeply regretted by many friends as well as by her immediate family.

Mr. Irwin holds membership in the Methodist Episcopal church and guides his life according to its teachings. He belongs to the Grand Army post of Estherville and thus maintains pleasant relations with his old army comrades. His political support has always been given to the republican party since he cast his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln, and in days of peace he has been as true and loyal to his country as when he followed the old flag on the battlefields of the south.



E. M. IVERSON

E. M. Iverson, actively engaged in general farming on section 9, Lincoln township, Emmet county, is numbered among Iowa's native sons, for his birth occurred in Franklin county on the 22d of August, 1869. Like many of the most substantial citizens of the state, he is of Norwegian descent, his parents, Erick S. and Martha (Erickson) Iverson, being natives of Norway, whence they came to the new world in young manhood and young womanhood. They first settled in Green county, Wisconsin, and were there married. They established and maintained their home in that county until after the birth of three of their children and in 1868 they removed to Iowa, settling in Franklin county, where they continued to make their home until called to their final rest. At the time of the Civil war Mr. Iverson had responded to the country's call for aid and went to the front with a Wisconsin regiment of volunteer infantry, with which he participated in a number of important engagements that contributed to the victory that finally crowned the Union arms. He died August 23, 1903, in his seventy-second year, and his death was deeply regretted by all who knew him. He was a devout Christian man, a member of the Norwegian Lutheran church and was one of the most highly esteemed citizens of Franklin county. His widow survived him until 1907, when she, too, passed away.

E. M. Iverson, following the acquirement of a common school education, came to Emmet county in the spring of 1893, when a young man of about twenty-four years. He had purchased one hundred and sixty-two and one-half acres of land in the previous fall and upon his arrival he began the cultivation of this tract. He further completed his arrangements for having a home of his own by his marriage on the 11th of July, 1894, to Miss Olena Ula. of Blanchardville, Wisconsin, in which state she was born and reared. Her parents came to this country from Norway in childhood with their respective parents, who were among the earliest settlers of Green county, Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Iverson  have two children, Elva J. and Maurice T., both at home.

Politically Mr. Iverson is a stalwart republican and for seven or eight years served as a member of the township board of trustees, while for two years he was a member of the school board. He and his wife are identified with the Norwegian Lutheran church and his influence is always on the side of progress and improvement, of truth and right. His life, ever a busy and useful one, has been devoted to agricultural pursuits and his present farm comprises a little more than two hundred and eight acres of land, constituting one of the well improved properties of Lincoln township.



LEWIS IVERSON

Lewis Iverson, who owns and cultivates one hundred and sixty acres of excellent farm land on section 25, High Lake township, has throughout his entire life been identified with agricultural interests. He was born in that township on a farm that had been homesteaded by his parents, John and Julia Iverson, in 1865. The father was a native of Norway and was thirty-nine years of age when he took up his claim in Emmet county. After coming to the new world he had resided for some time in Wisconsin and was there married, his wife being a native of that state. They became closely associated with the pioneer development of northwestern Iowa, aiding in reclaiming this region for the purposes of civilization. They remained valued residents of the district for many years but in 1901 removed to South Dakota. There the father died the following year and his remains were brought back for interment in High Lake cemetery. Mrs. Iverson survived him until 1912. They were the parents of twelve children, of whom six are yet living, three being residents of South Dakota and two of North Dakota.

The other member of the family is Lewis Iverson of this review, whose early associations were such as fall to the lot of most boys who are reared upon a farm. He attended the district schools until he reached the age of sixteen years and in the school of experience has since learned many valuable lessons. After that time he concentrated his efforts upon farm work upon the old homestead, assisting his father until he reached the age of twenty-six, when he began farming on his own account, purchasing the southwest quarter of section 25, High Lake township, whereon he now resides. He has converted the place into a valuable and productive farm, which he conducts according to modern progressive ideas of agriculture.

In High Lake township Mr. Iverson was united in marriage to Miss Ella Johnson, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Johnson, of Mitchell county, Iowa, both of whom have now passed away. Mr. and Mrs. Iverson have become the parents of four children: Edith, the wife of Robert Elsenbast, of Palo Alto county, Iowa; and Gladys, Elmer and Mabel, all at home.

Mr. and Mrs. Iverson give loyal support to the Norwegian Lutheran church, in which they hold membership. His political endorsement is given to the republican party, in the work of which he has been somewhat active, serving for three years as county trustee. The major part of his thought, time and attention, however, have been given to his agricultural interests and by hard work he has become the owner of a well improved farm, while at the same time he has developed a character that commands the respect and goodwill of all who know him.




M. J. IVERSON

M. J. Iverson, who is successfully engaged in farming on section 8, Lincoln township, was born in Franklin county, Iowa, on the 24th of July, 1871, a son of Iver and Anna (Erickson) Iverson, natives of Norway, where they were reared and married. Immediately following their marriage they came to the United States in 1868 and established their home in Franklin county, Iowa, the father purchasing forty acres of land on which he began farming. From time to time he has added to his holdings by additional purchase as his financial resources have increased until his landed possessions now embrace five hundred acres, constituting a very valuable and productive tract.

M. J. Iverson pursued his education in the common schools of his native county and in 1893 came to Emmet county, his first investment in land making him owner of one hundred and sixty acres, on which he now resides. Ambitious to attain success, however, he has added to his possession and is now the owner of two hundred and sixty-eight acres in his home farm, in addition to which he has one hundred and sixty acres on section 18, Lincoln township, and two hundred and forty acres in Martin county, Minnesota. He is a progressive agriculturist, studying closely the best methods of tilling the soil and caring for his crops, and he annually gathers rich harvests. He also raises thoroughbred stock and is one of the progressive and successful agriculturists of Emmet county. In addition to his farming interests he was one of the organizers of the Farmers Savings Bank of Dolliver and in 1915 was elected to the presidency, in which position he still continues.

In 1895 Mr. Iverson was united in marriage to Miss Cora Olson, of Hardin county, Iowa, by whom he has three children: Albert, Josephine and Leona. Politically, Mr. Iverson is a republican and has served as township trustee and township clerk. He has also been a member of the school board for many years and the cause of education finds in him a stalwart champion. The extent and importance of his business affairs and his activity in support of those interests which contribute most to the welfare of the community make him an influential and valued vitizen of Lincoln township.



John Jackson
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JOHN JACKSON

John Jackson is numbered among the self-made men of Wallingford with a record that redounds to his credit and honor, for it has been through persistent purpose, indefatigable energy and perseverance that he has won the success that now enables him to live retired. He was born in Scotland, August 20, 1860, and his parents, George and Anna (Carrol) Jackson, were also natives of that country, where the father was a shepherd. In their family were twelve children.

Reared in the land of hills and heather, John Jackson remained there until twenty-three years of age, when the reports which he heard concerning the opportunities of the new world led to his determination to try his fortune on this side the Atlantic. He came alone to America and made his way to Bismarck, North Dakota. Soon afterward he became identified with the sheep and cattle industry there, working for others for four years, on the expiration of which period he purchased a homestead right in Emmons county, North Dakota, where he lived for fifteen years. In 1899 he came to Emmet county, Iowa, after having paid a visit to his old home in Scotland. The following spring his mother, two brothers and two sisters came to the United States, two older brothers having previously crossed the Atlantic. All went to North Dakota and with the exception of Mr. Jackson of this review none of the family ever became residents of Iowa. His father had died in Scotland in 1896 ere the mother and four children came to the new world. Mrs. Jackson still makes her home in Bismarck, living with her son Hugh, and is enjoying good health at the age of eighty-three years.

After taking up his abode in Emmet county, Iowa, John Jackson joined Benjamin Allen in the purchase of land in Twelve Mile Lake township. Seven years later they divided their land interests, Mr. Jackson becoming the owner of the east half and the southwest quarter of section 23. Since that time he has sold one hundred and sixty acres but still retains the east half of the section, upon which his son, Charles P. Jackson, now resides. It constitutes a valuable property of three hundred and twenty acres of rich Iowa farm land which he converted into very productive fields, annually gathering therefrom abundant harvests as a reward for the care and labor bestowed upon the land. He also added many substantial improvements to the place in the way of good buildings, well kept fences and modern machinery and his progressive farm work made him in time one of the men of affluence of Emmet county.

On September 5, 1887, Mr. Jackson was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Keith, a daughter of Archie and Kate (McArthur) Keith, natives of Scotland, where they passed away, the mother in 1870 and the father in 1901, never having come to the United States. To their union were born nine children. Following the death of his first wife Mr. Keith married Mary Quantin and they became the parents of five children, of whom two survive. Six of the children of the first marriage are still living but Mrs. Jackson is the only one who has come to the United States. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson have two children. Charles P., who is farming the old home place in Twelve Mile Lake township, was married September 18, 1912, to Miss Mabel Andahl, a daughter of George and Anna Andahl, of the same township, and to this union has been born a son, Bernard Francis, whose natal day was June 17, 1916. Janet K. was married on the 26th of November, 1913, to Arthur Andahl, who is also engaged in farming in that township, and they have a daughter, Goldie May, born October 20, 1915.

Mr. Jackson continued upon the farm until 1912, when he put aside the cares of business life and established his home in Wallingford, where he is now comfortably located. He gives his political endorsement to the men and measures of the republican party and he and his wife are consistent members of the Presbyterian church, their well spent lives having gained for them the goodwill and kindly regard of those with whom they have been associated.



LEWIS JACOBSON

For over forty years Lewis Jacobson has been a resident of Emmet county and he now owns and operates a fine farm of one hundred and sixty acres, comprising the southeast quarter of section 34, Estherville township. He was born in Dane county, Wisconsin, March 1, 1857, and is a son of Jacob and Mary (Gilbertson) Thorson, natives of Norway, where they were reared and married. Crossing the Atlantic, they settled in Dane county, Wisconsin, in 1848, and were numbered among the pioneers of that locality. There the father owned a tract of one hundred and sixty acres, on which he engaged in farming until his death in 1870. The mother survived him for many years, passing away at the home of a son in Dane county in 1908, and both were laid to rest in a cemetery near Perry, Wisconsin.

Lewis Jacobson attended the district schools near his boyhood home as he found opportunity, but during the busy season his services were needed on the farm and he continued to aid in its operation until nineteen years of age. At that time he came to Emmet county, Iowa, and has since made his home in Estherville township. Two years after his arrival he purchased his present farm of one hundred and sixty acres on section 34. He has placed many useful and valuable improvements upon the place and has been very successful in its operation.

In 1880 occurred the marriage of Mr. Jacobson and Miss Kristi Paulson, who is a native of Norway and a daughter of Tullof and Julia (Olson) Paulson. At an early day her parents came to the new world and settled in Estherville township, Emmet county, Iowa. Both are now deceased and are buried in Riverside cemetery. To Mr. and Mrs. Jacobson have been born nine children, namely: Mary, now the wife of Andrew Bamble, of Lemmon, South Dakota; Augusta K. and Jacob, both at home; Tilda, the wife of James Kasa, of Riviera, Minnesota; Pauline, the wife of Ben Nelson, of Estherville township, Emmet county; and Lydia, Alpha, Eda and Cecil, all at home. The family are communicants of the Norwegian Lutheran church and Mr. Jacobson is a republican in politics. He has served on the school board in his district and does all in his power to promote the moral and educational interests of his community.



NIELS JAKOBSEN

Among the successful farmers whom Denmark has given to Emmet township is Niels Jakobsen, who now owns one hundred and sixty acres on section 11, Denmark township. His birth occurred November 4, 1870, and he was one of the seven children born to Robert and Carrie (Hansen) Jakobsen, who passed their entire lives in their native country. He received his education in the public schools of Denmark and after putting
aside his textbooks worked for others there until he was nineteen years of age, when he came alone to the United States. He made his way to the vicinity of Grandville, Michigan, and during the summer was employed as a farm hand, while the winter was spent in the lumber camps. In the spring of 1890 he came to Denmark township, Emmet county, Iowa, and for thirteen years rented land here. At the end of that time he had saved sufficient capital to enable him to purchase the north half of the southeast quarter of section 11, where he still resides.
He is industrious and up-to-date in his methods and it is but natural that he should receive a gratifying financial return from his land.

In 1894 occurred the marriage of Mr. Jakobsen and Miss Elsie Marie Mikkelsen, a daughter of Lars and Paulina Mikkelsen, natives of Denmark, where both passed away. To Mr. and Mrs. Jakobsen have been born seven children, Robert, Lawrence, Clara, Ernest, Lillian, Metha and Harvey.

Mr. Jakobsen is a staunch Democrat in politics, but has confined his activity in public affairs to the exercise of his right of franchise. He holds membership in St. John's Danish Lutheran church and fraternally is connected with Denmarks Minde. He has made his own way unaided since a boy in his teens and the competence which he has won is the best evidence of his ability.


ALFRED M. JENSEN

A fine farm on section 24, Denmark township, pays tribute to the care and labor bestowed upon it by its owner, Alfred M. Jensen. He was born in Denmark, April 6, 1873, the third in a family of seven children, whose parents were Robert and Lorina Jensen. The mother died when her son Alfred was but two years old and the father also passed away in Denmark. He was a farmer by occupation.

Alfred M. Jensen is indebted for his education to the public schools of Denmark, which he attended until he was confirmed. The next few years were devoted to work on farms in that country but when nineteen years old he came to the United States and located near Goldfield, Iowa. After working as a farm hand in that locality for a year and a half he came to Denmark township, Emmet county, in 1895, and was in the employ of various farmers of the township until 1900. He then bought the north half of the southwest quarter of section 24, on which he is still living. He devotes his entire time to the cultivation of the fields and the care of his live stock and as the years pass his capital is steadily increasing, for he manages his business interests well.

Mr. Jensen was married in 1902 to Miss Henriette Hansen, the adopted daughter of Hans and Margaret Hansen, of Denmark township. Mrs. Hansen has passed away and is buried in St. John's cemetery, but Mr. Hansen survives and is living in Ringsted. To Mr. and Mrs. Jensen have been born three children, Harold, Myrtle and Severin.

The democratic party receives the hearty support of Mr. Jensen and every duty devolving upon him as a citizen is discharged to the full, but he has never sought official preferment. He belongs to the Danish Brotherhood and is also a member of St. John's Danish Lutheran church. He is entitled to the honor which is accorded a self-made man, for he began his independent career empty handed and has been dependent solely upon his own resources.



HANS C. JENSEN

Hans C. Jensen is farming on sections 12 and 13, Denmark towniship, and has never had occasion to regret the choice of agriculture as a life work. He was born in Denmark, June 9, 1869, and his parents, Jorgen and Caroline (Hansen) Jensen, were likewise natives of that country, where the father engaged in farming. They came to the United States when their son Hans was fifteen years of age and the father bought the north half of the northeast quarter of section 13 and subsequently added thereto the south half of the southeast quarter of section 12, Denmark township, Emmet county. He also became the owner of the northeast quarter of the northwest quarter of section 13 and resided upon his land until two years before his death. Having accumulated a competence, he removed to Ringsted, where he lived retired until his demise, which occurred on the 20th of June, 1914. He was survived by his wife until November, 1915. Both are buried in St. Paul's cemetery. They had three childi'en: Hans C.; Jens P., who is farming in Denmark township; and Christine, now Mrs. H. J. Fink, of Ringsted.

Hans C. Jensen received a common school education and assisted his father in the cultivation of the home place until he was thirty years of age, when, in 1900, he began farming on his own account, buying the south half of the southwest quarter of section 12, which he still owns, together with the north half of the northwest quarter of section 13. He is energetic and progressive and derives a good annual income from his farm.

In 1901 occurred the marriage of Mr. Jensen and Miss Katrine N. Jensen, whose parents, Nels and Elsie (Petersen) Jensen, lived and died in Denmark. To Mr. and Mrs. Jensen have been born six children, namely, Anna, Richard, Esther, Harold, Jens, Christian and Ruth.

Mr. Jensen votes the republican ticket but has never held political office. He has, however, served as school director and has always felt a strong interest in everything relating to educational advancement. He is a communicant of St. Paul's Danish Lutheran church and his life has conformed to the highest standards of manhood.



Hans W. Jensen
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HANS W. JENSEN


For fifteen years Hans W. Jensen has been identified with the banking interests of Ringsted and is today regarded as one of the foremost citizens of that place. He is a native of Ringsted, Denmark, and in 1882 accompanied his parents, Hans and Mary Jensen, on their emigration to America. Coming direct to Emmet county, Iowa, the family located on a farm near Ringsted in Denmark township, where the father followed agricultural pursuits until 1890, and then removed to Graettinger, where he was engaged in the buying of grain in partnership with H. N. Osher until 1906, selling out in that year to the Farmers Elevator Company. Mr. Jensen died in the winter of 1911 but his widow is still living.

During his boyhood Hans W. Jensen attended the public schools of Graettinger and for two winters pursued his studies in a night school in order to keep up with his classes while working in a large store at that place. He began his business career as clerk in the department store of H. N. Osher at Graettinger, where he was employed until 1902, and then accepted a position as bookkeeper in the Danish-American Savings Bank at Ringsted, where he has since made his home. In 1903, at the early age of twenty-three years, he was elected cashier of the bank and continued to serve in that capacity until the 1st of January, 1905. Mr. Jensen then resigned to engage in mercantile business with Carl Iverson, under the firm name of Iverson & Jensen, and they conducted general stores in Ringsted, Hoprig and Halfa until 1908, when he sold his interest in these establishments to H. L. Iverson. After the sale of the Danish-American Savings Bank to parties in Algona he was again offered the position of cashier, which he accepted June 1, 1909, and which he filled until December 14, 1911. The bank was then consolidated with the Ringsted State Bank and Mr. Jensen was elected assistant cashier of the new organization and served as such until the 1st of January, 1915, since which time he has filled the office of vice president. He owns considerable stock in the Ringsted State Bank and several business houses in the town besides some valuable farm land.

On the 27th of October, 1909, at Ringsted, Mr. Jensen was united in marriage to Miss Edith M. Young, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Oscar N. Young living near Hoprig, Iowa. Her father, who was one of the successful farmers in that locality and stood high in the community, served as vice president of the Danish-American Savings Bank, of which he wasa director, and in 1915 was elected president of the Ringsted State Bank. He died in July of that year, leaving a wife and two daughters, Edith May and Blanche Irene, and son, Harry. Mrs. Jensen was born in Oskaloosa, Iowa, and came with her parents to Emmet county in 1896. She was graduated from the Ringsted schools and studied music at Storm Lake, Iowa, in Buena Vista College, after which she engaged in teaching music in and around Ringsted for several years. She is now the organist of the Presbyterian church at that place and is a leader in church work. Mr. and Mrs. Jensen have a daughter, Verda Belle, born December 3, 1910.

During the years 1898 and 1899 Mr. Jensen was one of the most prominent cyclists in this section of the state, being classed among the professional riders, and he won a great many gold and silver medals. He was the champion rider of Palo Alto county and many times won races at Estherville and other places. He took part in the national events at St. Paul, Minneapolis, and other cities, where there were professional riders from all over the United States. During one of these races for the national three-mile handicap there were seventeen starters but only three of them finished the race and Mr. Jensen was one of these, coming in third. He is a republican in politics and is a member of the Masonic lodge at Armstrong, Iowa. He is one of the leading and prominent members of the Presbyterian church of Ringsted and is now serving as an elder and one of its board of trustees. He occupies an enviable position in business circles, where his true worth is widely recognized, and the success that has come to him is but the just reward of his own well-directed efforts.



JULIUS M. JENSEN

Julius M. Jensen is one of the prominent merchants of Ringsted, his general store being well stocked and well patronized. A native of Iowa, he was born in Kossuth county, January 1, 1878, of the marriage of Peter W. and Maria (Jacobson) Jensen, natives of Norway. The father was a farmer and was held in high esteem in his community. He passed away in Ringsted and is buried in the Norwegian Lutheran cemetery at Seneca, but the mother survives and makes her home in Ringsted. To them were born five sons and four daughters.

Julius M. Jensen attended school during the winter months until he was nineteen years old and for three more years remained at home assisting his father with the farm work. He then cultivated land on his own account for two years in Kossuth county, after which he conducted a general store in Odin, Minnesota, for three years. Upon leaving that place he located in Ringsted, Emmet county, and for four years engaged in the furniture business here but then disposed of those interests and bought out the general store formerly conducted by A. C. Pies. He carries an up-to-date and well-chosen line of dry goods, groceries and shoes and the attractiveness of his stock, combined with the integrity of his business methods, has resulted in the building up of a representative and profitable trade.

On the 20th of March, 1901, Mr. Jensen was married to Miss Sena Christiansen, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Christiansen, who lived for a number of years in Lonerock, Kossuth county, but passed their last days in honorable retirement in Ringsted. Both are buried in Seneca, Kossuth county. To Mr. and Mrs. Jensen have been born two children: Opal, whose birth occurred in 1903; and Wendell, born in 1910.

The republican party has a staunch adherent in Mr. Jensen and he is now serving as a member of the town council, his fellow citizens having recognized his fitness for official preferment. He is a communicant of the Norwegian Lutheran church and supports heartily the various phases of its work.



CHRIS JOHNSON

Chris Johnson, a retired farmer living in Ringsted, has taken a prominent part in public affairs here ever since his removal to the town and is now acceptably filling the office of mayor. He was born in Denmark, May 7, 1859, and is a son of Johan and Magdalina (Christianson) Johanson. The father was a laborer and was a lifelong resident of Denmark, as was his wife. They were the parents of nine children, of whom four died in infancy.

When only seven years of age Chris Johnson began working for farmers but was allowed the privilege of attending school until he was fourteen years old. In 1881, when twenty-two years old, he came to the United States and made his way to Council Bluffs, Iowa, where he was employed for seven years by the Northwestern Railway Company. He saved sufficient money to enable him to buy eighty acres on section 36, Denmark township, in 1883 and four years later took up his residence upon the place, which he improved and brought to a high state of development as the years passed. He resided there until the fall of 1909, when he sold that place and removed to eight acres adjoining the town of Ringsted, where he now makes his home. He supervises its operation but the actual work is done by hired help.

On the 26th of May, 1886, occurred the marriage of Mr. Johnson and Miss Anna C. Andersen, a daughter of Anders Jorgen and Marie (Hanibalsen) Pallesen, who passed away in Denmark. Mr. Johnson was justice of the peace for twenty-two years, township trustee for three years and a member of the school board for thirteen years, twelve years of that period being consecutive, and was on the committee which established the library in the Ringsted schools. He was one of those who gave generously to the fund for providing books for the library and has never ceased to take an interest in its growth. He has held other offices as for two years he was road supervisor and has twice been United States census taker, while he is now mayor of Ringsted, in which capacity he is doing valuable work for the advancement of the town. He is one of the leading republicans of the county and for a long period was township committeeman. His religious faith is indicated by his membership in St. John's Danish Lutheran church. His boyhood and youth were characterized by hard and unremitting work and in his efforts to gain a living he received no aid from outside sources, but he proved equal to the demands made upon him and as the years passed his resources increased so that he now has more than a competence.



Susan Johnson
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MRS. SUSAN JOHNSON

Mrs. Susan Johnson is well known in High Lake township, making her home on section 11, where she owns a good farm. She was born in Sogn, Norway, March 30, 1845, a daughter a Peter N. Brudjeld and Gertrude Thorsness. Her parents came to the United States when their daughter Susan was a little maiden of three summers, bringing with them their family of five children. They made their way to Wisconsin, settling in Columbia county, where they resided until 1865, in which year they came to Iowa, establishing their home in High Lake township, Emmet county. They were among its earliest residents and contributed in no small measure to the development of the district.

Mrs. Johnson was a young woman of twenty years at the time the family came to this state and she was married in 1870 to John K. Johnson, a son of Knut and Sigre Johnson, who were natives of Norway, in which country the mother passed away. The father afterward came to the new world and for a time was a resident of Emmet county, Iowa, but spent his last days in Faribault county, Minnesota, where his death occurred in 1884. The birth of John K. Johnson occurred in Norway, September 3, 1841, and he was twenty years of age when he came with his parents to the United States. Following their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Johnson located on the west half of the southwest quarter of section 11, High Lake township, on which farm they still make their home, and where he and his son are actively and successfully engaged in general agricultural pursuits.

To Mr. and Mrs. Johnson were born eight children: Tina, now the wife of O. T. Johnson, of Bricelyn, Minnesota; Nels, who is on the home farm; Hannah, the wife of O. M. Olson, a resident of Pequot, Minnesota; Carrie, the wife of Olin Anderson, living in High Lake township, Emmet county; Helen, the wife of L. E. Berg, whose home is in Twelve Mile Lake township; Sena, the wife of J. 0. Carter, of Pequot, Minnesota; Bertha, who died in infancy; and Manda, the wife of Otto Larson, of High Lake township.

Mr. Johnson is a republican in his political views and he belongs to the Norwegian Lutheran, church, in which Mrs. Johnson also holds membership. She is today one of the oldest residents of Emmet county in years of continuous connection therewith, having lived in High Lake township for more than a half century. She has witnessed many changes that have brought the county to its present condition of advancement and improvement and she can relate many an interesting tale concerning the early settlement here. Her many good qualities have won her the
high esteem of those who know her and she has a wide circle of acquaintances in this part of the state.



Jay Johnston
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JAY JOHNSTON

Jay Johnston, an enterprising merchant of Estherville, is engaged in the sale of jewelry, drugs, wall paper and paints. He has always lived in this state and the spirit of western enterprise finds expression in his business career. He was bom in New Hampton, Iowa, August 25, 1877, a son of A. W. and Margaret Johnston, both of whom are natives of this state; although representatives of old families of Pennsylvania of Scotch-Irish origin. The father is a carpenter by trade and he and his wife are still residents of New Hampton, Iowa. Their family numbered two sons and a daughter.

After pursuing his education in the public schools of his native city until he had completed the high school course, Jay Johnston entered the Highland Park College at Des Moines, while his practical experience in commercial circles came to him through an apprenticeship in a drug store at New Hampton. He came to Estherville in 1901 and entered the employ of F. H. Richman, with whom he remained until 1903, when he bought out the business, which he has since conducted at the same place, carrying a well selected line of drugs and jewelry, wall paper and paints. He is careful in the selection of his stock and his reasonable prices and fair dealing have won for him constantly increasing success.

On the 15th of June, 1904, Mr. Johnston was married to Miss Anna E. Callwell, a daughter of R. B. and Anna Callwell, both now deceased. Her father was a civil engineer. To Mr. and Mrs. Johnston has been born a son, George Barklie, who is now attending school. The religious faith of the parents is that of the Episcopal church.

Mr. Johnston exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the republican party and he belongs to the Commercial Club, thus manifesting his deep interest in the welfare and progress of his city. He has membership also with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and is a prominent Mason and member of the Mystic Shrine. He has taken the degrees of the blue lodge, chapter, commandery and consistory and in the lodge has filled all the chairs, exemplifying in his life the beneficent spirit of the craft, which is based upon a recognition of the brotherhood of man and the obligations thereby imposed.



ERIC JUHL

Eric Juhl, a resident farmer of Center township, his home being on section 4, was born in Lee county, Iowa, near Keokuk, on the 13th of January, 1876, a son of Gregers and Dorothy Juhl. He was about eleven years of age when the family removed to Emmet county and under the parental roof he spent the days of his boyhood, attending the district schools until he reached the age of eighteen. He was early trained to the work of the fields and he continued to assist his father until he reached the age of twenty-five. He then rented land in Ellsworth township, upon
which he lived for four years, and for three years thereafter he engaged in the cultivation of a rented farm in Center township. During that period he carefully saved his earnings until his industry and economy enabled him to purchase land. He then bought a farm in Dickinson county upon which he lived for two years, after which he sold his property and invested in two hundred and ten acres in Center township, including the northeast quarter of section 4. Upon that place he now makes his home and he has converted the tract into one of the splendidly improved farms of the district.

In 1901 Mr. Juhl was united in marriage to Miss Carolina Hanson, her father being Christian Hanson, who is a native of Denmark and still resides in that country. To Mr. and Mrs. Juhl have been born three children, Dorothy, Clarence and Edwin. Mr. Juhl is connected with the Woodmen of the World and his moral standards are indicated in the fact that he is a consistent member of the Presbyterian church. His political endorsement is given to the republican party and for two years he filled the office of constable, but he prefers to concentrate his efforts, upon his business affairs. He has won success by hard work and his life proves the force of diligence, indefatigable energy and sound judgment as factors in the attainment of prosperity.



Mr. and Mrs. Gregers Juhl

Gregers Juhl and Famiily
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GREGERS JUHL

Gregers Juhl, who is engaged in general agricultural pursuits on section 4, Center township, Emmet county, was born in Denmark on the 9th of January, 1850, his parents being Eric and Anna Juhl, who spent their entire lives in Denmark. There they reared their family of six children, of whom Gregers was the only son. Four of the daughters are now deceased, the surviving sister of Gregers Juhl being Mrs. P. C. Peterson, living in Buena Vista county, Iowa. The father followed the occupation of wagon making and he and his wife remained residents of Denmark until called to the home beyond.

Gregers Juhl spent the first seventeen years of his life in his native country and then came alone to the new world, for the tales which he had heard concerning business conditions and opportunities on this sidethe Atlantic led him to the belief that he might have better advantages in America. He first made his way to Lee county, Iowa, where he purchased land and carried on farming for thirteen years. In 1886 he arrived in Emmet county and purchased the northwest quarter of section 4, Center township. Since that time he has added to his holdings a tract of eighty acres on section 33, Ellsworth township, so that he is today the owner of two hundred and twenty acres of rich and productive land which his careful labors have brought to a high state of cultivation. His is a well-improved farm and he annually harvests good crops as a reward for the care and labor which he bestows upon the fields.

In 1874 Mr. Juhl was united in marriage to Miss Dorothy Thompson, of Lee county, Iowa, and they became the parents of six children: Eric, who is mentioned elsewhere in this work; Chris, who is married and is practicing veterinary surgery at Osage, Mitchell county, Iowa; Thomas, who is married and follows farming in Ellsworth township, Emmet county; Andrew, who is a widower engaged in farming in Center towaiship, Emmet county; Louis, who is married and lives in Eagle Grove, Iowa; and John, who is married and follows farming in Ellsworth township.

Mr. Juhl is a member of the Danish and Norwegian Lutheran church and his life is guided by its teachings. Throughout his entire career he has followed honorable principles and his life record is one which will bear the closest investigation and scrutiny. He has never had occasion to regret his determination to come to the new world, for here he has found the opportunities which he sought, and by reason of his persistent effort intelligently directed has gained substantial success.



William A. Kerr
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WILLIAM A. KERR

William A. Kerr, who since 1910 has been manager and is one of the stockholders of the Estherville branch of the Spurbeck-Lambert Creamery Supply Company of Algona, Iowa, was born at Eagle Center, this state, on the 12th of April, 1875, a son of William and Eliza (McMurray) Kerr, who were natives of Ireland and New York respectively. Through the period of his youth William A. Kerr attended the common schools and worked upon his father's farm until he reached the age of sixteen years, when he secured a position in a tin shop, with which he was connected until 1906. He worked his way gradually upward in that business and during the last three years of the time was proprietor of the shop. In 1906 and 1907 he was employed in a hardware store at Bancroft and in the latter year he entered the employ of the Spurbeck-Lambert Creamery Supply Company of Algona, Iowa. In 1910 he was made manager of the Estherville branch of the business and is now one of the stockholders in this company, which is operating extensively along the line indicated and controls a large and gratifying business. This company was incorporated as an Algona concern in 1892 but the original owners are now deceased, their plants being taken over by others, Mr. Kerr being now vice president. The company manufactures butter tubs, tanks, etc., and handles a complete line of creamery supplies of all kinds. They find an excellent market in Iowa, which is so largely given to dairying, and their trade now covers a wide territory.

In 1900 Mr. Kerr was united in marriage to Miss Lotta Bliss, a daughter of A. E. and Charlotte (Liscum) Bliss, then of Fenton, Iowa,but later of  Bismarck, North Dakota. The father has now passed away, his remains having been interred at Springdale, Arkansas, but the mother is yet living and makes her home at Bismarck. Mr. and Mrs. Kerr have become the parents of a son, William, who was born in 1901.

Mr. Kerr exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the republican party. Fraternally he is connected with the Masons and exemplifies in his life the beneficent spirit upon which that organization is based. His religious faith is that of the Methodist church and his has been an upright, honorable life actuated by good purposes and fraught with kindly deeds.



MILTON MAHAN KNAPP

Milton Mahan Knapp, division freight agent at Estherville for the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway Company, has a notable record of faithful and continuous railroad service, having never lost a day's salary during the last forty-four years. He was born August 6, 1851, near Larue, Marion county, Ohio, a son of Calvin Williams and Emily (Gilmer) Knapp. He is a representative of the eighth generation of the descendants of Nicholas Knapp, who emigrated from England to America in 1630 and settled in Watertown, Massachusetts, with Governor Winthrop's second installment of colonists to Massachusetts. Early records, covering the years 1279 and 1280, show the name to have been of Saxon origin.

Milton M. Knapp acquired a country school education and when a youth of seventeen years entered the telegraph office at Larue, Ohio, on the 19th of October, 1868. He was afterward employed in various localities as telegraph operator and station agent and on the 11th of August, 1873, he was appointed train dispatcher and superintendent of telegraph for the Davenport & St. Paul Railroad Company at Davenport, Iowa, in which position he remained until 1879, when the railroad was absorbed. He was next appointed agent for the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul at Sabula, Iowa, and served as agent for the same railway at Davenport, Iowa, from 1882 until September 9, 1884, when he received the appointment of agent of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern Railway at Luverne, Minnesota. His next appointment, received on the 25th of August, 1885, made him travehng freight agent for the same road, and in 1886 he became travehng passenger agent. On the 1st of March, 1889, he was appointed chief clerk in the general freight office at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and on the 4th of January, 1891, was advanced to the position of general agent at Davenport, Iowa. On the 1st of September, 1893, he was appointed division freight agent, which position he still retains, with headquarters at Estherville. Forty-four years of continuous service witliout a day's loss of salary indicates a record that is indeed most commendable. His fidelity staiids as an unquestioned fact in his career, as does his capability, for great corporations like the railroad companies do not retain incompetent men in their employ. Added duties and responsibilities have come to him with his various promotions and his powers have been found adequate to every task imposed upon him.

On the 20th of September, 1877, at Davenport, Iowa, Mr. Knapp was united in marriage to Miss Jessie C. Randall and they have a daughter, Mabel R., who was married August 17, 1905, to Alexander Johnston, of Estherville, by whom she has one child, Virginia Knapp Johnston, born November 26, 1912.

In his political views Mr. Knapp has always been a stalwart Republican, but not an office seeker. He belongs to North Star Lodge, No. 445, F. & A. M., of which he served one term as senior warden, and he was enrolled as the second charter member of Estherville Lodge, No. 528, B. P. O. E. He is today one of the best known representatives of railroad interests in the state with a record unsurpassed for faithful and loyal service.



JAMES B. KNIPE, M.D.

Dr. James B. Knipe, who is successfully engaged in the practice of medicine in Armstrong, was born in Butler county, Iowa, February 15, 1881, his parents being Jacob M. and Anna (Bolton) Knipe, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of Virginia. During their childhood they were brought to Iowa, however, and on reaching mature years were married in this state. They now reside in Butler county. To them were boi'n four children but the Doctor is the only one now living.

Reared to manhood in Butler county, Iowa, Dr. Knipe obtained his early education in the common schools and later attended Cornell College for one year. For two years he was a student at Drake University in Des Moines and then entered the medical department of the State University of Illinois, from which he was graduated with the degree of M.D. in 1904. In August of that year he located in Armstrong and as time passed he gradually built up a good practice which he is now enjoying. He keeps well informed on the latest discoveries made in the science of medicine and surgery and today ranks among the leading physicians of Emmet county.

On the 1st of June, 1908, Dr. Knipe married Miss Grace Stuart, a native of Grundy county, Iowa, and a daughter of William and Jennie Stuart. The Doctor and his wife have two children, Alice Edith and William Jacob. They own a nice residence in Armstrong and are earnest and consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal church at that place. In politics the Doctor is a republican and is now serving as a member of the town council. For three years he was also a member of the school board and he never withholds his support from any enterprise that he believes will benefit the moral, educational or material welfare of his community. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge, No. 533, A. F. & A. M., in which he has filled all of the chairs, and also belongs to the Modern Woodmen of America.



WILLIAM A. KNOLL

William A. Knoll is actively engaged in general farming on section 32, Center township, Emmet county. He was born in Ottawa, Illinois, on the 20th of December, 1891, a son of William H. and Minnie Knoll, who are natives of Illinois and Germany, respectively. The father devoted his life to farming and thus provided for the support of his family, numbering wife and four children: Edward, Ida, Rena and William A., all living at Ottawa, Illinois, save the subject of this review.

William A. Knoll spent the days of his boyhood and youth in his native city and the educational privileges which he there enjoyed well qualified him for life's practical and responsible duties. In 1900 his father purchased land in Center township, Emmet county, comprising the northwest quarter of section 32, and in 1914 William A. Knoll took up his abode upon this farm and has since devoted his time and energies to its development and improvement. He is now busily engaged in its cultivation and his labors are bringing forth excellent results.

In 1915 Mr. Knoll was united in marriage to Miss Minnie Gephard, both of whose parents passed away in Ottawa, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Knoll have a daughter, Dorothy. The parents are members of the German Lutheran church and :\Ir. Knoll gives his political allegiance to the republican party, believing firmly in its principles. He stands for all that is progressive in citizenship and he is regarded as an ambitious, energetic young man whose success is the merited reward of earnest, persistent labor.



SILAS B. KNUDSON

Silas B. Knudson owns one hundred and sixty acres of fine land in Armstrong Grove township and is concentrating his energies upon the development and improvement of that place. He was born in La Salle county, Illinois, July 10, 1872, and is a son of Henry and Martha (Knudson) Knudson, natives respectively of Illinois and of Norway. When about five years old the mother was brought to America by her parents and received her education in this country. In 1881 the family removed to Humboldt county, Iowa, where the father rented land which he operated until 1887. He then purchased a farm and was engaged in its cultivation until he retired from active life, removing in Humboldt, where he lived for a decade, or until his death in September, 1915, when seventy-three years old. The mother survives.

Silas B. Knudson remained under the parental roof until he became of age and received his education in the schools of Illinois and Humboldt county, Iowa. After leaving home he rented land in Webster county, Iowa, for five years but in 1901 came to Emmet county and for ten years thereafter operated rented land here under lease. During this time he carefully saved his money and at length had accumulated sufficient capital to purchase the northwest quarter of section 10, Armstrong Grove township, which has since remained his home. The improvements upon the place compare favorably with those on other farms of the township and everything is kept in excellent condition, thus facilitating the farm work. He is also a stockholder in the Farmers Elevator Company of Armstrong, of which he was for a time trustee.

On the 27th of December, 1899, occurred the marriage of Mr. Knudson and Miss Bertha Braland and they have had five children; Angeline, Maymie, Lloyd and Arnold, all of whom survive; and one who died in infancy. Mr. Knudson gives his political allegiance to the republican party and is now serving his second term as township trustee. In religious faith he is a Lutheran and his sterling qualities of character have won him the unqualified respect of all who have come in contact with him.




AUGUST L. KOENECKE


Among the enterprising young business men who are contributing in large measure to the commercial upbuilding of Dolliver is August L. Koenecke, who is the proprietor of a hardware store. He was born in Martin county, Minnesota, March 31, 1884, of the marriage of Henry and Augusta (Deering) Koenecke, natives of Germany. For many years, however, they have been residents of Martin county, Minnesota, where the father is still engaged in farming. To them were born twelve children, of whom the only daughter, Mrs. William J. Parnell, is a resident of Estherville township and a son, Ed, is married and is engaged in farming in Emmet township, Emmet county.

August L. Koenecke attended the public schools until he was seventeen years of age and for four years thereafter worked for his father on the home farm. He then entered the employ of C. L. Jeglum & Company, hardware dealers of Huntington, Iowa, with whom he remained for five years. He was also associated with that business for a year with Albert Myhre, the successor of his first employers. He then entered the Estherville Business College, where he was a student for eight months, thus further preparing himself for a business career. After leaving that institution he was for six months in the employ of T. T. Sunde, Jr., a dealer in hardware and groceries at Huntington, and then entered business on his own account, buying out the hardware store of Gustav Reke at Dolliver. He is still conducting that business and has managed his affairs so efficiently that he has built up a large and profitable trade. He keeps in close touch with the needs of his patrons and has developed his business in every possible way.

In 1909 Mr. Koenecke was united in marriage to Miss Alice Reed, a daughter of S. B. and Sylvia Reed, of Dolliver. To this union has been born a daughter, Lomena. Mr. and Mrs. Koenecke are members respectively of the German Lutheran and Methodist churches and the principles which have been the determining factors in their lives are found in the teachings of those denominations. He has held the office of town assessor and is now efficiently serving as chief of the fire department. The qualities of foresight, determination and sound judgment, which have made possible the success which he has gained, ensure his increased prosperity in future years.




M. F. KOHL

Since 1904 M. F. Kohl has engaged in farming on section 8, Denmark township, and is recognized as one of the leading agriculturists of his locality. He was born in Linn county, Iowa, in the vicinity of Lisbon, on the 15th of January, 1863. His parents, Simon and Catharine (Blessing) Kohl, were born respectively in Berks and Dauphin counties, Pennsylvania, and their children were eight in number, M. F. Kohl being the sixth in order of birth. The mother's natal day was March 8, 1827, and in 1845 she married Joseph Keller, by whom she had two children, both of whom died in infancy. She and her husband joined a party of emigrants bound for Iowa and embarked on the ill-fated steamer Belle of the West. The vessel was burned near Warsaw, Kentucky, and Mr. Keller with fourteen others perished, but Mrs. Keller was rescued from the water. She lost all her effects but was cared for by the other survivors and at length reached Iowa, where the party founded the town of Lisbon. In 1851 she was married to Simon Kohl. She reached the age of seventy-one years, dying on the 30th of October, 1898. Mr. Kohl was born on the 3d of July, 1827, and lived to an advanced age as his death occurred on the 31st of December, 1912. He was an active member of the United Brethren church and in his daily life exemplified the teachings of Christianity. Five of his eight children survive: Mrs. Lavina Koch, of Hampton, Iowa; M. F.; Albert, a resident of Cedar Rapids; Mrs. Elizabeth Walmer, of Lisbon; and Mrs. Barbara Andre, of Mechanicsville.

M. F. Kohl received his education in the common schools and devoted his time and energy to farming rented land until he was twenty-eight years old, when he bought a farm in Cedar county. After operating that place for nine years he sold it and cultivated rented farms for three years, but in 1903 came to Denmark township and erected buildings upon the north half of the northwest quarter of section 8, which he had purchased, and in the spring of 1904 took up his residence upon the farm. He is there engaged in grain and stock raising and his familiarity with agricultural work and his enterprise are important factors in his success.

In 1892 occurred the marriage of Mr. Kohl and Miss Ida A. Yessler, a daughter of Henry and Mary Yessler, residents of Linn county. Two children have been born to this union, namely: Alma, who married Joseph Madden, of Swan Lake township; and Alta, the wife of George Madden, also of Swan Lake towniship.

Mr. Kohl supports the republican party at the polls and is faithful in the discharge of all his duties as a citizen but has never been an office seeker. He has, however, served as school director and his interest in the forces that make for advancement is also manifest in the fact that he is a trustee of the Presbyterian church at Halfa. He is a self-made man and is entitled to all the credit which that term carries with it, implying as it does determination, sound judgment and industry.


JOHN KORRECT

John Korrect was one of the many successful farmers who after accumulating a competence removed to Armstrong, there enjoying a period of rest from labor. He passed away here in April, 1914, when sixty-eight years old. A native of Germany, his birth occurred in Cologne on the 24th of March, 1846, and he was a son of Wymer and Helen (Hiprich) Korrect. At an early day in the development of the middle west the family emigrated from Germany to the United States, the voyage requiring seventy-seven days, and about 1856 located in Peru, Illinois. The father purchased land in that vicinity and farmed there until his death in 1883. The mother died sixteen years later.

John Korrect began his education in Germany and completed it in the schools of Peru, Illinois. He early became familiar with practical methods of farm work and remained with his parents until he was twenty-three years old, when he began farming on his own account in Illinois. It was in 1893 that he purchased land in Kossuth county, Iowa, and for eighteen years he gave his entire attention to the cultivation of that place. At length he removed to Armstrong, where he lived in honorable retirement until his death. He was a stockholder in the First National Bank of Armstrong. The success which he gained was the result of his industry, his good management and his thrift, and his many
excellent qualities commended him to the esteem of his fellows.

On the 18th of November, 1869, Mr. Korrect was united in marriage to Miss Sophia Trecker, a daughter of Henry and Ann M. (Brochite) Trecker, also natives of Germany. The family came to America in 1853, the mother and four children locating in Peru, Illinois. The father was taken sick en route and died after an illness of only three days and was buried at sea. Two years after her arrival in this country Mrs. Trecker was again married and for many years her second husband engaged in farming in the Prairie state. Her demise occurred in July, 1912, when she was eighty-eight years of age. To Mr. and Mrs. Korrect were born ten children, as follows: William, who is farming in Minnesota; John P., an architect and civil engineer, who resides with his mother; George, who is living retired in Armstrong; Anna, the wife of Edward Scully, of Kossuth county; Elizabeth, the wife of Edward Reilly, of Lonerock, Iowa; Josephine, who married Albert Tumbaugh, of Swea City, Iowa; Ida, the wife of Anton Guerdet, of Kossuth county, Iowa; Henry, who died in March, 1912, when twenty-eighth years old; Rosa, at home; and Minnie, the wife of Fred C. Boland, of Armstrong.

Mr. Korrect did not consider himself bound by allegiance to any party but voted for the man whom he deemed best fitted for the office in question. His religious faith was that of the Catholic church. His demise was widely regretted and there are many who still hold him in affectionate memory.


 
AUGUST KREIS

August Kreis resides on a farm of section 12, in Twelve Mile Lake township, owning the southeast quarter of that section, which is a valuable and productive tract of land. The family home was maintained in Twelve Mile Lake towmship at the time of his birth, which occurred on the 15th of May, 1870. His parents were natives of Germany and were among the earliest settlers of Emmet county. There the father homesteaded, for at that period much of the land had not yet been taken up but remained in the possession of the government just as it came from the hand of nature. Not a furrow had been turned nor an improvement made upon the tract which Mr. Kreis secured and with the characteristic energy he began to improve and develop the property. Thereon he reared his family of five children, of whom two are living, the daughter being Carrie, now the wife
of Sam Molster, of Story City, Iowa. The parents have both passed away.

August Kreis attended the district schools in the winter months until seventeen years of age and through the summer seasons assisted more and more largely in the work of the farm as his years and strength increased. He continued his work upon the old homestead until he had attained his majority, after which he was employed at farm labor in various places. He now owns the southeast quarter of section 12, Twelve Mile Lake township, and in addition has two hundred and seventy-six acres of land in Aurora county. South Dakota.

Mr. Kreis maintains an independent course, politically, casting his ballot for the candidates whom he regards as best fitted for office without regard to their party affiliation. He has a wide acquaintance in the county in which his entire life has been spent and it is a well-known fact that his success is due to hard labor, so that he deserves much credit for what he has accomplished, overcoming many obstacles and difficulties in the attainment of his present prosperity.



Henry Kruse
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HENRY KRUSE

Henry Kruse, interested in general farming on section 7, Center township, Emmet county, was born in Germany on the 13th of November, 1846, a son of Fred and Bendena Kruse, who were also natives of that country. In 1866 they left the fatherland and started for the new world but the mother died while on the ocean and was buried at sea. The father continued the journey with his children and they were seven weeks on the ocean on a sailing vessel. Eventually he took up his abode upon a farm in Ogle county, Illinois, where his death occurred a year later.

Henry Kruse is the only survivor of a family of five children. He was reared and educated in Germany, being twenty years of age at the time of the emigration of the family to the new world. He was employed as a common laborer in this country for about a decade and in 1876 began farming on his own account in Grundy county, Iowa, where he rented land for two years. During that period he carefully saved his earnings and was thus able to purchase a farm in Grundy county, which he continued to own, occupy and cultivate until 1895. He then sold out and removed to Emmet county, where he purchased two hundred and ten acres of section 5, which he sold, and then bought his present eighty acres on section 7, Center township. The soil is naturally rich and productive and responds readily to the care and labor which he bestows upon it. He has improved the place with fine buildings and through the careful conduct of his business affairs has become one of the prosperous citizens of the community.

In 1878 I\Ir. Kruse was united in marriage to Miss Ida Smith, who was born in Ogle county. Illinois, a daughter of Thomas and Eliza (Dubert) Smith, the former a native of Canada and the latter of Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Kruse have become the parents of eleven children: Fred P., born February 14, 1879: Effie E., who was born March 12, 1881, and is the wife of Orlando Anderson, of Brookings, South Dakota; Etta E., who was born April 4, 1883, and died December 16, 1886; Roy E., who was born September 20, 1885, and died November 8, 1887; Elmer  E., who was born June 8, 1887, and died September 4, 1916; Guy, who was born July 15, 1889, and is now in South Dakota; Otto Leo, born October 4, 1891; Mattie Izetta, born May 27, 1893; Earl Smith, born March 7, 1895; Ray, who was born April 15, 1897, and passed away in 1898; and Henry A., born July 16, 1901.

Mr. Kruse votes with the republican party, which he has supported since becoming a naturalized American citizen. He has served on the school board and is interested in all matters pertaining to the general welfare. He may indeed be called a self-made man and deserves all the credit which that term implies, for he had only five cents when he landed in New York City and since that time has made a substantial fortune through honorable methods, being now one of the men of affluence in Center township.




PETER KYHL

Peter Kyhl won success as a farmer and is now living retired in Ringsted, enjoying at liis ease the comforts of life. A native of Denmark, his birth occurred on the 12th of March, 1854, and he is one of the six children born to Nes and Anna (Scott) Kyhl, life-long residents of Denmark, where the father worked as a laborer.

Peter Kyhl spent his first eighteen years in his native country and there received his education. Attracted by the many favorable reports which he heard concerning the United States, he came to this country with his sister Anna, who later became the wife of Rasmus Rasmussen, of Clinton, and is now deceased. For several years before leaving Denmark he worked for others and after coming to this country was employed in a sawmill and lumberyard at Clinton, Iowa, for six years. In 1883 he came to Demiiark township, Emmet county, and purchased the north half of the northeast quarter of section 23, upon which he took up his residence at once. There he lived for over three decades and during those years gave the closest attention to the cultivation of his fields and the care of his live stock. His unremitting industry and his wise management were rewarded by a gratifying financial return and he in time accumulated a competence. In 1915 he retired and built an attractive home in Ringsted, where he now resides.

In Clinton, Iowa, Mr. Kyhl was married to Miss Anna Holm, likewise a native of Denmark, where her parents passed their entire lives. By her marriage she became the mother of six children: Robert, who is married and is farming in Denmark township; Albert, who is married and is a resident of Clinton county, Iowa; Anna, now the wife of Peter Oliver, a banker of Potania, North Dakota; Nes, who is married and lives near Doyon, North Dakota; Alma, the wife of Henry Sorem, of Seneca, Kossuth county, Iowa; and August, who is married and is farming in Denmark township. The wife and mother died March 1, 1910, and is buried in St. Paul's cemetery. In 1912 Mr. Kyhl was united in marriage to Mrs. Christiana (Hansen) Kyhl, the widow of his brother, Jurgen Kyhl, of Marcus, Iowa, where he had settled with his wife upon their emigration to the United States in 1883. They were the parents of a daughter, Anna, who died at the age of fourteen and is buried in Marcus. The father and mother of Mrs. Kyhl were lifelong residents of Denmark.

Peter Kyhl is a republican and has served as township trustee for a number of years and has likewise been a member of the school board for several terms. He belongs to St. Paul's Danish Lutheran church and fraternally is connected with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows of Ringsted and the Danish Brotherhood. He found in this country the opportunities which he sought and through their utilization has not only won individual prosperity, but has also contributed his share toward the advancement of his community along various lines.



WILLIAM ALFRED LADD


William Alfred Ladd, attorney at law at Estherville, where he has practiced continuously for thirty-five years, was born November 10, 1856, on a farm near Damascus, Mahoning county, Ohio, a son of Joshua and Lydia C. Ladd, the former a native of Charles City county, Virginia, and the latter of Mahoning county, Ohio.

In the common schools of his native state William A. Ladd began his education and later attended Damascus Academy and Mount Union College of Mount Union, Ohio, completing the philosophical course in the latter institution in 1876. Determining upon the practice of law as a life work, he began studying in the office of an attorney and later matriculated in the State University of Iowa, graduating from the law department of that institution with the class of June, 1880. Before entering upon his law studies, however, he engaged in farming and stock raising in Ohio and during the winter and spring seasons taught in the common schools for a number of years. It was in 1879 that he came to this state and began his law reading, at the same time acting as law clerk in the office where he studied. In 1881 he entered into partnership with O. L. Binford, of Marshaiitown, Iowa, and in August, 1882, removed to Estherville, where he formed a partnei'ship with J. B. Binford. That relationship was maintained until 1886, since which time Mr. Ladd has been in business alone.

On the 3d of October, 1883, in Marshaiitown, Iowa, Mr. Ladd was married to Miss Eva M. Estabrook, a daughter of Royal and Augusta (Franklin) Estabrook. She was born in Vermont, of which state her father was also a native, but her mother was born in Massachusetts. Mr. and Mrs. Ladd have a son, Clarence E., who is now living at Grand Forks, North Dakota. He married Alizanah Bachman on the 17th of June, 1908, and they have a daughter, Ruth Mary.

Mr. and Mrs. Ladd are members of Grace Episcopal church of Estherville and fraternally he is connected with the Brotherhood of American Yeomen and the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. In politics he has always been a republican since age conferred upon him the right of franchise and for four or more terms he served as city attorney of Estherville and was also county superintendent of schools for Emmet county from 1882 to 1892. He is recognized as a lawyer of pronounced ability, careful and painstaking in the preparation of his cases, direct and forceful in argument and logical in his conclusions.




Andrew Larsen
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ANDREW LARSEN

The financial interests of Emmet county have a worthy representative in Andrew Larsen, who is now serving as president of the Farmers Savings Bank of Ringsted. Like many of the leading citizens of Iowa he is of foreign birth, born in Denmark, November 3, 1855, and his parents, Lars and Anna Sophia Andersen, were also natives of that country. There the father engaged in business as a merchant throughout his active life and passed away there in October, 1914, at the advanced age of ninety years. The mother is still living at the age of eighty-seven.

In the land of his nativity Andrew Larsen grew to manhood, acquiring his education in the common schools and working for his father until fifteen years of age, when he began learning the cabinetmaker's trade, which he followed in Denmark until 1878. During the following two years he served in the Danish army and in 1880 came to the United States, locating at Council Bluffs, Iowa, where he worked at his trade in the employ of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad for ten years.

In 1890 Mr. Larsen came to Emmet county and settled in Denmark township on land which he had purchased in 1882. For some years he devoted his time and energies to agricultural pursuits with good results but in March, 1916, he retired from farming and removed to Ringsted. For three years he had been interested in general merchandising at Emmetsburg, but on the organization of the Farmers Savings Bank at Ringsted in 1915 he became its president and has since served in that capacity. He is a stockholder in the Bankers Trust Company & Savings
Bank of Minneapolis, in the Bankers Trust Company of Des Moines, and in the Iowa National Fire Insurance Company, of Des Moines, all of which are million dollar concerns, and is also a stockholder of the Ringsted State Bank and the Farmers Elevator Company, of which he was one of the organizers, serving as vice president of the same for some years. He was formerly secretary of the Ringsted Creamery Company. He has
improved three different farms in Emmet county, but at present only owns one of these—a tract of one hundred and twenty acres on section 22, Denmark township, one of the best improved farms in that locality. On the 11th of May, 1914, most of the buildings upon the place were destroyed by cyclone. Mr. Larsen has been very successful in his farming operations and raised high grade stock on his land, feeding about one carload for market annually.

In November, 1882, Mr. Larsen married Miss Hansine Miller, who died leaving two children: Anna Eleanor, now the wife of Lars P. Larsen, a farmer of Emmet county; and Agnes Matonea, wife of Bernhard Nelsen, of Chicago. For his second wife Mr. Larsen married Miss Carolina Petersen, who died in 1891, and by that union there was one child, Hans Henry Grant Larsen, at home. In December, 1893, Mr. Larsen was united in marriage to Miss Katherine Petersen.

Mr. Larsen supports the men and measures of the democratic party and he has served as township clerk and president of the school board for many years. He is a member of the Danish Lutheran church and is also connected with the Denmarks Minde, the Modern Woodmen of America, the Loyal Order of Moose and Danish Brotherhood of America. It is as a business man, however, that he is best known and he today occupies an enviable position in business circles. He is a banker of sound judgment and keen insight into financial affairs and the success that has come to him is the just reward of earnest and persistent labor guided by a mind alert and far sighted.



John C. Lrsen
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JOHN C. LARSEN

A well improved farm property is that owned by John C. Larsen on section 10, Twelve Mile Lake tovmship, and he is leading a life of well directed energy, enterprise and thrift in conducting his farm. He was born in Norway, August 23, 1871, his parents being Lars and Inger (Johnson) Larsen, who spent their entire lives in the land of the midnight sun and there reared their family of nine children, of whom five are yet living.

John C. Larsen was reared and educated in Norway and in 1889 he came to the new world, being then a youth of eighteen years. He had heard favorable reports concerning the opportunities afforded to young men on this side of the Atlantic and he resolved to win success if it could be done through earnest, persistent and honorable effort. He first took up his abode in Jones county, Iowa, where he worked as a farm hand and later he embarked in the grocery business in Monticello, Iowa, but eventually sold out there and came to Emmet county. Here he invested in his present farm on section 10, Twelve Mile Lake township, and has since given his undivided time and attention to its further development and improvement. His fields are now highly cultivated according to modern methods and all of his work in systematically done, so that he annually gathers substantial harvests, while his farm constitutes one of the attractive features of the landscape.

In 1909 Mr. Larsen was united in marriage to Miss Johanna Lavold who was born in Norway, and they have become parents of three children: Lester, Trygve and Inger. Mr. and Mrs. Larsen hold membership in the Lutheran church and he exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the republican party. He has never had occasion to regret his determination to come to the new world, for here he has found the opportunities which he sought and which, by the way, are always open to ambitious, energetic young men. He has never held to false standards of life but has ever realized that industry is the basis of all honorable success and by hard work he has won his present creditable position as a substantial farmer of Twelve Mile Lake township.



LARS PETER LARSEN

Lars Peter Larsen is devoting his time to farming and has never had occasion to regret his choice of an occupation, for he has won a gratifying measure of success. He was born in Denmark, June 5, 1872, a son of Nels and Maren Larsen, who are still living in that country, where the father is a small farmer. Of their six children, five daughters and one son, Lars Peter Larsen, was the only one to come to the United States. After completing the course offered in the district schools he attended what corresponds to the American high school from the age of sixteen to eighteen, and when nineteen years old came along to America. For about a year he managed a creamery in Freeborn county, Minnesota, and then purchased eighty acres of land in Wharton county, Texas, where he remained for a year. He then rented his farm and removing to Ringsted, Iowa, was employed for seven years as a brick and stone mason. He next rented a farm just across the line in Kossuth county for three years, after which he bought the west half of the northeast quarter of section 15, Denmark township, which he has since cultivated. He raises both grain and stock and has been very successful in the management of his intei'ests.

On the 28th of February, 1905, Mr. Larsen was married to Miss Anna Larson, a daughter of Andrew Larson, of Ringsted. To this union have been born six children, Nels, Signe, Thyra, Dagmar, Andrew and Erling.

Mr. Larsen votes for the man rather than the party and is an Intelligent student of the issues of the day. He belongs to the Yeomen and the Danish Brotherhood of Ringsted and is a communicant of St. John's Danish Lutheran church. He has thoroughly identified himself with his adopted country and is American in spirit as well as in name.



LUDVIG LARSEN

Ludvig Larsen, living on a farm on section 6 in High Lake township, was born in Norway, June 7, 1866. His parents, Lars and Inger (Kril) Larsen, were also natives of that country, where they lived and died. They had a family of nine children, six of whom yet survive.

Spending his youthful days in his native land, Ludvig Larsen there obtained a public school education and in 1886, when twenty years of age, came to the new world. He did not tarry on the Atlantic coast, but made his way at once west of the Mississippi and settled in Jones county, Iowa, where he lived for sixteen years. He then returned to Norway, where he remained for four and one-half years, when he came once more to America and established his home in Emmet county. He settled upon the farm where he now lives on section 6, High Lake township, and gives his attention to the further development and improvement of his fields. Within the boundaries of his farm are comprised one hundred and ninety-nine acres, constituting one of the attractive and well improved farms of the township. It is lacking in none of the modern accessories which facilitate farm work and promote the success of the agriculturist. Mr. Larsen makes a specialty of raising and feeding stock and as the years have gone by he has won substantial returns as the reward of his labor, being now one of the prosperous citizens of Emmet county.

In 1900 occurred the marriage of Mr. Larsen and Miss Lena Hankin, a native of Jones county, Iowa. They have become parents of five children: Hilma; Etta, deceased; Hannah; Leo, who has also passed away; and Norman. The parents are members of the Lutheran church and guide their lives according to its teachings. In his political views Mr. Larsen has been a republican since becoming a naturalized American citizen. For six years he served as school director and he is always interested in those plans and projects which work for the development and upbuilding of the community. He has many sterling traits of character and his life record indicates what may be accomplished through persistent, earnest effort prompted by laudable ambition.



CHRISTOPHER LARSON

Christopher Larson, engaged in general merchandising at Wallingford, has also been prominent in connection with the public life of the different communities in which he has lived and in a word is an enterprising and progressive citizen of Emmet county. He was born in High Lake township, August 23, 1870, and is a son of Peter and Anna (Aaby) Larson, who were natives of Norway. On coming to America they made their way westward to Iowa and cast in their lot with the pioneer settlers of Emmet county, taking an active and helpful part in promoting its progress and improvement. They had a family of eleven children: Halvor, who is now married and resides in Wallingford; Anna, who is the widow of I. B. Peterson, of Williams, Minnesota; Tom, a widower living at Whittemore, Iowa; Belle, the widow of A. B. Peterson and a resident of Lake Mills, Iowa; Christopher; Bertha, the wife of Ole Lee, a resident of Oakley, Minnesota; Oliver, who is engaged in farming in Twelve Mile Lake township; Andrew, who follows farming at Coteau, North Dakota; Thea, the wife of L. Nelson, of Coteau, North Dakota; Lena, the wife of L. Carter, a farme.r of West Bend, Iowa; and Emma, the wife of O. T. Akre, of Mankato, Minnesota.

Christopher Larson attended the common schools and worked with his father upon the home farm until he reached the age of sixteen years. He was afterward variously employed for about six years and when a young man of twenty-two established the second store in Wallingford, securing a stock of general merchandise. He successfully conducted that business for fifteen years and then sold out, after which he removed to Turtle Lake, Wisconsin, where he owned a genei'al store for four years. He next went to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he was connected with general merchandising for two years, and on the 1st of May, 1915, he retui'ned to Wallingford, where he pui'chased the hotel building, the postofhce and three residences. In 1916 he erected a new general store building and now handles a complete line of groceries, shoes, dry goods and men's furnishings. He has won a liberal patronage and his success is the merited reward of earnest, persistent labor intelligently directed.

In community affairs Mr. Larson has also taken a deep and helpful interest and for live years he filled the otlice of postmaster under President Cleveland. He was justice of the peace for eight years, during which time his rulings were strictly fair and impartial. For seven years he served as president of the school board and while at Turtle Lake, Wisconsin, was police justice and justice of the peace and also a member of the town council and the board of health. He has never lightly regarded the obligations of citizenship but has faithfully performed every task devolving upon him in that connection. He became a member of Turtle Lake Lodge, No. 328, I. O. O. F., assisted in organizing the Modern Woodmen camp at Wallingford, of which he served as clerk for eleven years, and also became connected with the Royal Neighbors.  He holds membership with the Norwegian Lutheran church and he has always voted with the democratic party. It is well known that he is a man true to his honest convictions and nothing can swerve him from a course which he believes to be right.



HUGH B. LAWRENCE

Hugh B. Lawrence is proprietor of the leading clothing store of Estherville, an establishment which would be a credit to a city of much larger size, for he carries a complete and well selected stock of clothing and his store is tastefully appointed, neatly arranged and systematically conducted. Mr. Lawrence has been proprietor of this establishment since 1907 and in the intervening years his business, as the result of his careful
management and enterprise, has constantly expanded. Iowa numbers him among her native sons, his birth having occurred at Lawler in 1883, his parents being William and Pauline Lawrence, natives of Maryland and of Michigan respectfully. They became residents of Iowa in childhood days and after attaining his majority the father en gaged in the harness and implement business at Lawler, where he became known as a representative citizen and business man. To him and his wife
were born four children: Nellie, the wife of H. G. Graaf; Cora, the wife of L. S. Kucker; Mary, the wife of G. E. Ridley; and Hugh B., of this review.

In the attainment of his education Hugh B. Lawrence completed a course in the high school at Lawler and later attended the Nora Springs Seminary. He has been identified with commercial interests in Estherville since 1899, at which time he accepted a clerkship in the Graaf clothing store, where he remained for seven years, gaining comprehensive knowledge of the business and wide experience during that period. He afterward conducted business along the same line on his own account in Parker, South Dakota, for a year, but in 1907 returned to Estherville and purchased the store of Mr. Graaf. Since then he has successfully conducted and managed the business, handling a large and well selected stock, making a specialty of the Hart Schaffner & Marx clothing, the Walkover shoes and the Stetson hats, all standard goods.

In August, 1904, Mr. Lawrence was united in marriage to Miss Marybelle Scoville, a daughter of George and Bertha Scoville, of Grundy Center, Iowa. The mother passed away and was laid to rest in the cemetery at Vinton, Iowa, while the father is now a resident of Conrad, Iowa. Mr. and Mi\s. Lawrence have one son, George, who was born in 1909.

Mr. Lawrence is identified with all the different Masonic bodies and with the Eastern Star and he likewise has membership with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. In politics he is a republican with independent tendencies, for while he is a believer in the principles of the party, he does not consider himself bound by party ties and at local elections considers the capability of a candfdate rather than his party affiliation. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church and they occupy a prominent social position in Estherville, where they
have an extensive circle of warm friends.



S. H. LEE

S. H. Lee, who owns and cultivates an excellent farm comprising the northeast quarter of section 35, Emmet township, in Emmet county, was born in Norway on the 16th of June, 1844, and is a son of Hans and Mary (Nelson) Lee, who were both of Norwegian birth and spent their entire lives in the land of the midnight sun. In their family were four children, three of whom are yet living.

S. H. Lee was reared and educated in Norway, enjoying the privileges afforded by the public schools. He had attained his majority when in 1865 he bade adieu to friends and native land and sailed for the United States, hoping to find better business opportunities in the new world. He at once made his way to Iowa and was employed as a laborer until 1878, but during that period he carefully saved his earnings, for he was ambitious to engage in business on his own account and secure farm property. In 1878, therefore, he came to Emmet county and purchased the northeast quarter of section 35, Emmet township. He at once took up his abode upon that place, which he has now occupied for about thirty-nine years, and he has wi-ought a marked transformation in its appearance by the many improvements which he has added to his farm. It is now a valuable property, made so by the efforts and progressiveness of Mr. Lee, whose life has been one of untiring industry and perseverance.

In 1878 Mr. Lee was united in marriage to Miss Christina Nelson, a native of Norway and a daughter of Nels and Anna (Olson) Nelson. The year 1874 witnessed their arrival in Emmet county, Iowa, and the father here purchased a farm on which both he and his wife spent their remaining days. Mr. and Mrs. Lee have five children, as follows: Hans N., a railway engineer, and Anna M., Carl O., Arnt T. and Louisa, all at home.

The parents are members of the Norwegian Lutheran church, and Mr. Lee gives his political support to the Republican party, with which he has voted since becoming a naturalized American citizen. He is conversant with the leading questions and issues of the day and he has become thoroughly American in spirit and interests—one of the substantial adopted sons that Norway has furnished to the United States.



JOHN PAUL LITTELL

Prominent among the successful insurance men of Iowa is John Paul Littell, of Estherville, who represents the National Life Insurance Company of the United States of America. He was born in Presque Isle, Michigan, on the 18th of December, 1855, a son of Aaron and Mary E. (Brown) Littell. The father was born, reared and educated in Virginia, but when a young man went to Brookfield, New York, where he engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery for some time. Subsequently he removed to Presque Isle, Micliigan, becoming one of the pioneer physicians of that place, and about 1860 he located in Alma, Wisconsin, where his death occurred in 1865. His wife was a native of Massachusetts and in childhood became a resident of Brookfield, New York, where their marriage was celebrated. In 1870 she accompanied her oldest son to Estherville, Iowa, where she continued to make her home until she passed
away in 1887.

John Paul Littell attended school in Alma, Wisconsin, and Wabasha, Minnesota. When a young man he engaged in lumbering in the pine regions of Wisconsin and became foreman of a log drive on the Chippewa river. In 1885 he came to Estherville, Iowa, where his mother and brother had previously located, and here he bought a milk business, which he ran for one year. It was in 1887 that Mr. Littell became identified with the life insurance business as general agent for the Des Moines Life, which merged with the National Life Insurance Company of the United States of America, with headquarters in Chicago, and he has since remained with them, being at the present time general agent for Iowa with headquarters at Estherville. He has been in the service of the same companies for thirty years, a record probably unexcelled by any other life insurance agent in America and certainly not by any other agent with the National Life. He has probably written more life insurance policies than any other man in Iowa and has frequently led all Iowa insurance agents in the volume of insurance written annually. He is a member of the Hundred Thousand Dollar Club of the National Life Insurance Company and attends all of the annual conventions of the club in Chicago.

At Wabasha, Minnesota, Mr. Littell was married July 18, 1878, to Miss Mary Johnson, who was born, reared and educated in Westfield, Wisconsin, and from there removed to Wabasha. Her parents, Albert and Sarah Ann (Lackey) Johnson, were natives of New York and Canada respectively and were pioneers of Wabasha, Minnesota. Near that place her father engaged in farming for some time but later conducted a livery business in Wabasha and spent his last years in retirement at St. Paul, Minnesota, where both he and his wife died. To Mr. and Mrs. Littell were born four children. Hariy A. Littell, born in Wabasha and educated in the schools of Estherville, Iowa, is now associated with his father in the insurance business. Ada Littell, also born in Wabasha, was educated in Estherville, Iowa, and won the oratorical contest in the latter city and also the district contest. Her health failed and she died in Estherville at the age of eighteen years. Edith M. Littell, born in Estherville, is now a deaconess of the Methodist Episcopal church at Des Moines. She received an excellent education, attending the public schools of Estherville, Morningside College at Sioux City, the Iowa State Teachers' College at Cedar Falls and the Deaconess' College at Des Moines, from which she was graduated. The fourth child died in infancy.

Mr. Littell is a staunch supporter of the republican party and has taken an active and influential part in local politics, serving on the congressional committee for Emmet county, but he has never cared to hold office though many nominations have been offered him. He served at one time, however, as city marshal of Estherville. He is a strong temperance worker and active in church affairs, having been for many years a member of the official board of the Methodist Episcopal church, to which he and his wife belong. He has also been a Sunday school teacher for a long period. Mrs. Littell has also been prominent in church and charity work, being now superintendent of the Estherville Associated Charities, and the poor and needy always find in her a friend, no one being turned away without some word of cheer or more substantial aid when they appeal to her for help.

Fraternally Mr. Littell is a member of the Masonic Lodge of Estherville. He is the owner of a large and well selected library, with the contents of which he is thoroughly familiar, for he is very fond of reading. He not only enjoys the best literature but is fond of art in its various forms and loves a good lecture or sermon. He is a strong temperance man, never using liquor nor tobacco in any form, and he opposes strongly all those forces which promote vice and as strongly endorses those interests which lead to the acceptance of Christianity among men, doing everything in his power to influence people to turn from the error of their ways to Christianity. He is the owner of a highly improved farm west of Estherville besides his city property, for in business affairs he has prospered. He is one of the best known life insurance men in Iowa and is justly accounted one of the leading and representative citizens of the town where he has now made his home for almost a third of a century.



LORENZO LOUGH

For over a quarter of a century Lorenzo Lough has been in the service of what is now the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Company as one of its trusted employes. He was born in Scott county, Minnesota, on the 19th of April, 1870, and is the sixth in order of birth in a family of seven children, whose parents were James W. and Alcy Ann (Darland) Lough, natives of Indiana. In 1857 they became pioneers of Minnesota, where the father followed farming until 1877, when he decided to move to Missouri and started south, driving a large herd of cattle. Stopping at Estherville, Iowa, he was so well pleased with the place that he purchased a farm at the edge of town and took up his abode thereon. When the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern Railroad was built through Estherville in 1882 he laid out two additions to the town but continued to farm the remainder of his place. For two years prior to his death, however, he conducted a general store under the firm name of the Estherville Mercantile Company. He passed away in September, 1906, and was buried in the East Side cemetery. His widow now resides at 1009 East Robert street, Estherville.

Lorenzo Lough was only seven years of age when the family came to Iowa and here he grew to manhood, acquiring his education in the public schools of Estherville. Until he attained his majority he assisted his father in the operation of the home farm and then started as a fireman on the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern Railroad, now a part of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad. In 1901 he was promoted to engineer and has since served in that capacity.

Mr. Lough was married in 1893 to Miss Minnie B. Neville, a daughter of Oswald and Mary Neville, old settlers of Estherville who are still living. To this union have been born three children: Harold, William Emerald and Frances Marian, all at home. The family occupy a fine residence on the west side and are held in the highest esteem by all who know them. Mr. Lough is a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, of the Masonic blue lodge and Eastern Star chapter, and is also identified with the First Church of Christ, Scientist.



William Luscombe, Sr.
Click image to enlarge


WILLIAM LUSCOMBE, SR.

The farm in Armstrong Grove township belonging to William Luscombe, Sr., is in itself evidence of his progressiveness and enterprise, for it is one of the most highly developed places in Emmet county. He is largely concentrating his attention upon the raising of high grade stock and derives a gratifying income therefrom. A native of England, he was born in Devonshire in March, 1846, and is a son of John and Jane (Willing) Luscombe, also natives of that country. The father was a gamekeeper for a time but learned the shipbuilders' trade, which he followed in his native country until 1849, when with his family he crossed the Atlantic to America and located in Rockford, Illinois. That was long before the advent of the railroad in the west and he drove from Chicago to Rockford, the trip requiring several days. While on the way his wife died and added to his grief at her demise was the burden of financial woriy, for when he arrived at Rockford he had only fifty cents in money. However, he succeeded in renting land, which he farmed. In order to add to his income he broke prairie and threshed for others, thus securing enough to support his family. After nine years' residence in that locality he removed to Carroll county, Illinois, where he rented land until 1865, in which year he arrived in Marshall county, Iowa. For three years he was largely employed in breaking prairie and then removed to Hardin
county, where he bought land, upon which he made his home until his death in 1897.

William Luscombe, Sr., grew to manhood in Illinois and received his education in the public schools there, but at the age of eighteen, or in 1864, enlisted for service in the Union army, becoming a member of Company G. One Hundred and Forty-second Illinois Infantry, with which he served for nine months. He was mustered out at Chicago and returned home, remaining with his parents until he was twenty-five years old. He then rented land in Hardin county, Iowa, and for many years operated farms belonging to others. He also worked in the timber to some extent, getting out ties for the railroad. At length he purchased four hundred acres of land in Hardin county and also a farm in Franklin county which he operated until 1900. He then came to Emmet county, Iowa, and purchased his present farm, comprising two hundred and five acres on section 4, Armstrong Grove township. He realizes fully the value of up-to-date equipment and his barn is said to be one of the best in the entire state. He has been unusually successful in raising Poland China and Duroc Jersey hogs and shorthorn cattle and is considered an authority upon questions pertaining to stock breeding. He is also financially interested in the Farmers' Elevator at Armstrong and in the opera house building there.

On the 25th of February, 1871, Mr. Luscombe was married to Miss Catherine Glazier and they have eight children. Amy, Mary J. and Ann E., twins, Dorothy, William, Ida, James and John. Mr. Luscombe is a stalwart adherent of the democratic party and in religious faith is a Presbyterian. He takes justifiable pride in wearing the little bronze button which indicates him to be a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and through this organization he keeps in touch with others who fought the nation's battles at the time of the Civil war. Throughout his life he has discharged to the full all the obligations resting upon him and his many admirable qualities have gained him a high place in the regard of his fellows.


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